Browsing by Author "Doyle-Baker, Patricia K"

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    Associations between neighbourhood characteristics and sleep in adults
    (2020-08-17) Lukic, Ryan; McCormack, Gavin R; Olstad, Dana L; Doyle-Baker, Patricia K; Potestio Melissa L
    Evidence suggests that neighbourhood built environments and socioeconomic status are associated with health behaviours and outcomes. Sleep is a key health behaviour in the development of chronic illness. Some evidence suggests that neighbourhood characteristics are associated with differences in sleep in adult populations. The aim of this thesis was to generate quantitative evidence on the associations between neighbourhood built environment and neighbourhood socioeconomic status and sleep duration in Canadian adults. Using data from the Pathways to Health study, we estimated associations between objective measures of neighbourhood built environment (i.e., street pattern) and neighbourhood socioeconomic status and sleep duration, and odds of short or long sleep durations, in an adult sample within the city of Calgary, Alberta. We also tested if the interaction between neighbourhood street pattern and socioeconomic status was associated with differences in mean sleep duration and odds of short or long sleep. In an analysis of n=797 adults, we found that the interaction between neighbourhood street pattern and socioeconomic status was associated with sleep duration. Participants in neighbourhoods characterized by curvilinear street patterns and low socioeconomic status had the shortest marginal mean sleep at 6.93 hours per day, while those in curvilinear high socioeconomic status neighbourhoods had the longest at 7.43 hours per day. Our findings suggest that associations between neighbourhood socioeconomic status and sleep may be modified by built environment characteristics, or vice versa. Interventions to address short sleep durations should be targeted at underlying inequities in sleep between residents of neighbourhoods with different SES but should take into account neighbourhood design. Future studies should incorporate measures of both neighbourhood built environment and neighbourhood socioeconomic status and test for interactions between these neighbourhood characteristics to better understand complex pathways between neighbourhoods and sleep in adult populations.
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    The relationship between cluster-analysis derived walkability and local recreational and transportation walking among Canadian adults
    (Elsevier, 2012-09) McCormack, Gavin R; Friedenreich, Christine; Sandalack, Beverly A; Giles-Corti, Billie; Doyle-Baker, Patricia K; Shiell, Alan
    We investigated the association between objectively-assessed neighborhood walkability and local walking among adults. Two independent random cross-sectional samples of Calgary (Canada) residents were recruited. Neighborhood-based walking, attitude towards walking, neighborhood self-selection, and socio-demographic characteristics were captured. Built environmental attributes underwent a two-staged cluster analysis which identified three neighborhood types (HW: high walkable; MW: medium walkable; LW: low walkable). Adjusting for all other characteristics, MW (OR 1.40, p < 0.05) and HW (OR 1.34, approached p < 0.05) neighborhood residents were more likely than LW neighborhood residents to participate in neighborhood-based transportation walking. HW neighborhood residents spent 30-min/wk more on neighborhood-based transportation walking than both LW and MW neighborhood residents. MW neighborhood residents spent 14-min/wk more on neighborhood-based recreational walking than LW neighborhood residents. Neighborhoods with a highly connected pedestrian network, large mix of businesses, high population density, high access to sidewalks and pathways, and many bus stops support local walking.
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    Subpopulation differences in the association between neighborhood urban form and neighborhood-based physical activity
    (Elsevier, 2014-07) McCormack, Gavin R; Shiell, Alan; Doyle-Baker, Patricia K; Friedenreich, Christine M; Sandalack, Beverly A
    This study investigated whether associations between the neighborhood built environment and neighborhood-based physical activity (PA) varied by sociodemographic and health-related characteristics. A random sample of adults (n=2006) completed telephone- and self-administered questionnaires. Questionnaires captured PA, sociodemographic, and health-related characteristics. Neighborhood-based PA (MET-minutes/week) was compared across low, medium, and high walkable neighborhoods for each sociodemographic (sex, age, dependents, education, income, motor vehicle access, and dog ownership) and health-status (general health and weight status) subpopulation. With few exceptions, subpopulations residing in high walkable neighborhoods undertook more (p<0.05) neighborhood-based PA than their counterparts in less walkable neighborhoods. Improving neighborhood walkability is a potentially effective population health intervention for increasing neighborhood-based PA.