Browsing by Author "Kong, Shiying"

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    Development and validation of case-finding algorithms for recurrence of breast cancer using routinely collected administrative data
    (2019-03-08) Xu, Yuan; Kong, Shiying; Cheung, Winson Y; Bouchard-Fortier, Antoine; Dort, Joseph C; Quan, Hude; Buie, Elizabeth M; McKinnon, Geoff; Quan, May L
    Abstract Background Recurrence is not explicitly documented in cancer registry data that are widely used for research. Patterns of events after initial treatment such as oncology visits, re-operation, and receipt of subsequent chemotherapy or radiation may indicate recurrence. This study aimed to develop and validate algorithms for identifying breast cancer recurrence using routinely collected administrative data. Methods The study cohort included all young (≤ 40 years) breast cancer patients (2007–2010), and all patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (2012–2014) in Alberta, Canada. Health events (including mastectomy, chemotherapy, radiation, biopsy and specialist visits) were obtained from provincial administrative data. The algorithms were developed using classification and regression tree (CART) models and validated against primary chart review. Results Among 598 patients, 121 (20.2%) had recurrence after a median follow-up of 4 years. The high sensitivity algorithm achieved 94.2% (95% CI: 90.1–98.4%) sensitivity, 93.7% (91.5–95.9%) specificity, 79.2% (72.5–85.8%) positive predictive value (PPV), and 98.5% (97.3–99.6%) negative predictive value (NPV). The high PPV algorithm had 75.2% (67.5–82.9%) sensitivity, 98.3% (97.2–99.5%) specificity, 91.9% (86.6–97.3%) PPV, and 94% (91.9–96.1%) NPV. Combining high PPV and high sensitivity algorithms with additional (7.5%) chart review to resolve discordant cases resulted in 94.2% (90.1–98.4%) sensitivity, 98.3% (97.2–99.5%) specificity, 93.4% (89.1–97.8%) PPV, and 98.5% (97.4–99.6%) NPV. Conclusion The proposed algorithms based on routinely collected administrative data achieved favorably high validity for identifying breast cancer recurrences in a universal healthcare system in Canada.
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    Impact of pre-existing cardiovascular disease on treatment patterns and survival outcomes in patients with lung cancer
    (2020-10-15) Batra, Atul; Sheka, Dropen; Kong, Shiying; Cheung, Winson Y
    Abstract Background Baseline cardiovascular disease (CVD) can impact the patterns of treatment and hence the outcomes of patients with lung cancer. This study aimed to characterize treatment trends and survival outcomes of patients with pre-existing CVD prior to their diagnosis of lung cancer. Methods We conducted a retrospective, population-based cohort study of patients with lung cancer diagnosed from 2004 to 2015 in a large Canadian province. Multivariable logistic regression and Cox regression models were constructed to determine the associations between CVD and treatment patterns, and its impact on overall (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS), respectively. A competing risk multistate model was developed to determine the excess mortality risk of patients with pre-existing CVD. Results A total of 20,689 patients with lung cancer were eligible for the current analysis. Men comprised 55%, and the median age at diagnosis was 70 years. One-third had at least one CVD, with the most common being congestive heart failure in 15% of patients. Pre-existing CVD was associated with a lower likelihood of receiving chemotherapy (odds ratio [OR], 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.48–0.58; P < .0001), radiotherapy (OR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.7–0.82; P < .0001), and surgery (OR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.44–0.7; P < .0001). Adjusting for measured confounders, the presence of pre-existing CVD predicted for inferior OS (hazard ratio [HR], 1.1; 95% CI, 1.1–1.2; P < .0001) and CSS (HR, 1.1; 95% CI, 1.1–1.1; P < .0001). However, in the competing risk multistate model that adjusted for baseline characteristics, prior CVD was associated with increased risk of non-cancer related death (HR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.33–1.64; P < 0.0001) but not cancer related death (HR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.94–1.03; P = 0.460). Conclusions Patients with lung cancer and pre-existing CVD are less likely to receive any modality of cancer treatment and are at a higher risk of non-cancer related deaths. As effective therapies such as immuno-oncology drugs are introduced, early cardio-oncology consultation may optimize management of lung cancer.
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    New method for determining breast cancer recurrence-free survival using routinely collected real-world health data
    (2022-03-16) Jung, Hyunmin; Lu, Mingshan; Quan, May L.; Cheung, Winson Y.; Kong, Shiying; Lupichuk, Sasha; Feng, Yuanchao; Xu, Yuan
    Abstract Background In cancer survival analyses using population-based data, researchers face the challenge of ascertaining the timing of recurrence. We previously developed algorithms to identify recurrence of breast cancer. This is a follow-up study to detect the timing of recurrence. Methods Health events that signified recurrence and timing were obtained from routinely collected administrative data. The timing of recurrence was estimated by finding the timing of key indicator events using three different algorithms, respectively. For validation, we compared algorithm-estimated timing of recurrence with that obtained from chart-reviewed data. We further compared the results of cox regressions models (modeling recurrence-free survival) based on the algorithms versus chart review. Results In total, 598 breast cancer patients were included. 121 (20.2%) had recurrence after a median follow-up of 4 years. Based on the high accuracy algorithm for identifying the presence of recurrence (with 94.2% sensitivity and 79.2% positive predictive value), the majority (64.5%) of the algorithm-estimated recurrence dates fell within 3 months of the corresponding chart review determined recurrence dates. The algorithm estimated and chart-reviewed data generated Kaplan–Meier (K-M) curves and Cox regression results for recurrence-free survival (hazard ratios and P-values) were very similar. Conclusion The proposed algorithms for identifying the timing of breast cancer recurrence achieved similar results to the chart review data and were potentially useful in survival analysis.
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    The influence of adjuvant chemotherapy dose intensity on overall survival in resected colon cancer: a multicentered retrospective analysis
    (2022-11-01) Breadner, Daniel; Loree, Jonathan M.; Cheung, Winson Y.; Gipson, Meghan; Lakkunarajah, Suganija; Mulder, Karen E.; Spartlin, Jennifer L.; Kong, Shiying; Ding, Philip Q.; Gill, Sharlene; Welch, Stephen A.
    Abstract Background Colorectal cancer remains the second leading cause of cancer death in North America. Fluorouracil and oxaliplatin based adjuvant chemotherapy for resected colon cancer (CC) reduces cancer recurrence, but also causes significant toxicity requiring dose reductions. The effect of dose intensity on survival outcomes is not fully understood and strengthening the evidence supports informed decision making between patients and oncologists. Methods Patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy, between 2006 and 2011, for resected colon cancer at four Canadian academic cancer centers were retrospectively analyzed. All patients must have received oxaliplatin with either capecitabine (CAPOX) or 5-FU (FOLFOX). Dose intensity (DI) was calculated as total delivered dose of an individual chemotherapy agent divided by the cumulative intended dose of that agent. The influence of DI on overall survival was examined. Results Five hundred thirty-one patients with high-risk stage II or stage III resected CC were eligible and included in the analysis. FOLFOX was the most common regimen (69.6%) with 29.7% of patients receiving CAPOX and 0.7% receiving both therapies. Median follow-up was 36.7 months. The median DI for 5-FU and capecitabine was 100% and 100% with 13.6% and 9.8% of patients receiving ≤ 80% DI, respectively. The median DI of oxaliplatin was 70% with 56.8% of patients receiving ≤ 80% DI. A DI of > 80% for each chemotherapy component was associated with a significant improvement in overall survival compared to those with a DI of ≤ 80% (5-FU HR = 0.23, 95% CI = 0.08–0.65, p = 0.006; capecitabine HR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.33–0.94, p = 0.026; oxaliplatin HR = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.33–0.82, p = 0.005). Patients with T2 and/or N2 disease with an oxaliplatin DI > 80% had a trend towards improved survival (HR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.38–1.02, p = 0.06). Conclusions In resected CC an adjuvant chemotherapy DI of > 80%, of each chemotherapy agent, is associated with improved overall survival.
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    Trends in treatment patterns and survival outcomes in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a Canadian population-based real-world analysis
    (2022-03-10) Carroll, Robert; Bortolini, Margherita; Calleja, Alan; Munro, Robin; Kong, Shiying; Daumont, Melinda J.; Penrod, John R.; Lakhdari, Khalid; Lacoin, Laure; Cheung, Winson Y.
    Abstract Background As part of the multi-country I-O Optimise research initiative, this population-based study evaluated real-world treatment patterns and overall survival (OS) in patients treated for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) before and after public reimbursement of immuno-oncology (I-O) therapies in Alberta province, Canada. Methods This study used data from the Oncology Outcomes (O2) database, which holds information for ~ 4.5 million residents of Alberta. Eligible patients were adults newly diagnosed with NSCLC between January 2010 and December 2017 and receiving first-line therapy for advanced NSCLC (stage IIIB or IV) either in January 2010-March 2016 (pre–I-O period) or April 2016-June 2019 (post–I-O period). Time periods were based on the first public reimbursement of I-O therapy in Alberta (April 2017), with a built-in 1-year lag time before this date to allow progression to second-line therapy, for which the I-O therapy was indicated. Kaplan–Meier methods were used to estimate OS. Results Of 2244 analyzed patients, 1501 (66.9%) and 743 (33.1%) received first-line treatment in the pre–I-O and post–I-O periods, respectively. Between the pre–I-O and post–I-O periods, proportions of patients receiving chemotherapy decreased, with parallel increases in proportions receiving I-O therapies in both the first-line (from < 0.5% to 17%) and second-line (from 8% to 47%) settings. Increased use of I-O therapies in the post–I-O period was observed in subgroups with non-squamous (first line, 15%; second line, 39%) and squamous (first line, 25%; second line, 65%) histology. First-line use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors also increased among patients with non-squamous histology (from 26% to 30%). In parallel with these evolving treatment patterns, median OS increased from 10.2 to 12.1 months for all patients (P < 0.001), from 11.8 to 13.7 months for patients with non-squamous histology (P = 0.022) and from 7.8 to 9.4 months for patients with squamous histology (P = 0.215). Conclusions Following public reimbursement, there was a rapid and profound adoption of I-O therapies for advanced NSCLC in Alberta, Canada. In addition, OS outcomes were significantly improved for patients treated in the post–I-O versus pre–I-O periods. These data lend support to the emerging body of evidence for the potential real-world benefits of I-O therapies for treatment of patients with advanced NSCLC.