Browsing by Author "Luby, Christopher"

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    Prevalence and Genetic Basis of Antimicrobial Resistance in Non-aureusStaphylococci Isolated from Canadian Dairy Herds
    (Frontiers in Microbiology, 2018-01) Nobrega, Diego B; Naushad, Sohail; Naqvi, S Ali; Condas, Larissa A Z; Saini, Vineet; Kastelic, John P; Luby, Christopher; De Buck, Jeroen; Barkema, Herman W
    Emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance is a major concern for the dairy industry worldwide. Objectives were to determine: (1) phenotypic and genotypic prevalence of drug-specific resistance for 25 species of non-aureus staphylococci, and (2) associations between presence of resistance determinants and antimicrobial resistance. Broth micro-dilution was used to determine resistance profiles for 1,702 isolates from 89 dairy herds. Additionally, 405 isolates were sequenced to screen for resistance determinants. Antimicrobial resistance was clearly species-dependent. Resistance to quinupristin/dalfopristin was common inStaphylococcus gallinarum(prevalence of 98%), whereasS. cohniiandS. arlettaewere frequently resistant to erythromycin (prevalence of 63 and 100%, respectively). Prevalence of resistance was 10% against β-lactams and tetracyclines. In contrast, resistance to antimicrobials critically important for human medicine, namely vancomycin, fluoroquinolones, linezolid and daptomycin, was uncommon (< 1%). Genes encoding multidrug-resistance efflux pumps and resistance-associated residues in deducted amino acid sequences of thefolPgene were the most frequent mechanisms of resistance, regardless of species. The estimated prevalence of themecAgene was 17% forS. epidermidis. Several genes, includingblaZ, mecA, fexA, erm, mphC, msrA, andtetwere associated with drug-specific resistance, whereas other elements were not. There were specific residues ingyrBfor all isolates of species intrinsically resistant to novobiocin. This study provided consensus protein sequences of key elements previously associated with resistance for 25 species of non-aureusstaphylococci from dairy cattle. These results will be important for evaluating effects of interventions in antimicrobial use in Canadian dairy herds.