Browsing by Author "Ricketson, Leah J"

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    Clinical Features and Outcomes of Serotype 19A Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Calgary, Alberta
    (2014-01-01) Ricketson, Leah J; Vanderkooi, Otto G; Wood, Melissa L; Leal, Jenine; Kellner, James D
    BACKGROUND: Streptoccocus pneumoniae serotype 19A (ST19A) became an important cause of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) after the introduction of the conjugate vaccine.OBJECTIVE: To examine the severity and outcome of ST19A IPD compared with non-ST19A IPD.METHODS: The Calgary Area Streptococcus pneumoniae Epidemiology Research (CASPER) study collects clinical and laboratory data on all IPD cases in Calgary, Alberta. Analysis was performed on data from 2000 to 2010 comparing ST19A and non-ST19A IPD cases. Adjusted linear and logistic regression models were used to examine outcomes of duration of appropriate intravenous antibiotic therapy and intensive care unit admission, respectively.RESULTS: ST19A tended to cause disease in younger patients. ST19A isolates were more often multidrug resistant (19% versus 0.3%; Pud_less_than0.001). Adjusted logistic regression showed no difference in intensive care unit admission between ST19A and non-ST19A IPD cases (OR 1.4 [95% CI 0.8 to 2.7]). An adjusted linear regression model showed patients ud_less_than18 years of age with a diagnosis of bacteremia and no risk factors infected with ST19A were, on average, treated with antibiotics 1.4 times (95% CI 1.1 to 1.9) as long as patients with non-19A IPD and the same baseline characteristics.DISCUSSION: ST19A IPD was associated with an increase in average time on antibiotics. Although many of the infecting strains of ST19A were within the threshold for susceptibility, they may be sufficiently resilient to require a longer duration of antibiotic therapy or higher dose to clear the infection.CONCLUSIONS: ST19A is more common in younger individuals, is more antibiotic resistant and may require longer average treatment duration.
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    Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Calgary During the Sars-CoV-2 Pandemic 2020
    (2021-05-13) Kellner, James D; Ricketson, Leah J
    During the Sars-CoV-2 pandemic in 2020, many countries shut down schools and businesses in an effort to slow transmission of the virus. As some businesses reopened, increased public health protocols, mask wearing, hand sanitizer, and personal protective equipment use remained. The shut down and public health restrictions for person-to-person interaction, resulted in a decline of other transmissible diseases as well as Sars-CoV-2. In Calgary, the incidence of invasive disease due to Streptococcus pneumoniae declined to much lower levels than would be expected in early spring and remained low until December 2020. This decline occurred despite no changes in vaccine use and uptake.