Browsing by Author "Wallace, Jean E."

Now showing 1 - 16 of 16
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    A study of lawyers earnings: I can't believe its not gender!
    (1998) Robson, Karen Lynn; Wallace, Jean E.
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    A test of Karasek's job demand control support model
    (2009) de Grood, Jill A.; Wallace, Jean E.
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    Explaining job satisfaction: an empirical assessment of two competing theories
    (1994) Cranswick, Kelly; Wallace, Jean E.
    This study addresses the question, "Why are there differences in the levels and determinants of job satisfaction among workers?" Two contrasting theoretical explanations, the gender socialization and the dualist approaches, are examined. Data are analyzed from two highstatus, service occupations, law and human service work. Limited support is found for either approach suggesting that gender and dual-sector status are not responsible for differences in the levels and determinants of job satisfaction. New directions for future research are considered that combine individual and structural factors. First, instead of focusing on gender socialization, future research should investigate the impact that occupational socialization has on job satisfaction. Second, a new reconceptualization of the dualists' core-periphery distinction, based on occupation rather than firm status, may prove more useful in examining the effects of job rewards on job satisfaction.
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    Gender and productivity: a study of law firm lawyers
    (2007) Young, Marisa C.; Wallace, Jean E.
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    Gender and the division of household labour: an analysis of the implications for mental and physical health
    (2012) Polachek, Alicia Joyelle; Wallace, Jean E.
    This thesis examines the relationships between the division of household labour and mental and physical health using survey data from 1,193 male and female lawyers in Canada. Household labour is examined in terms of time spent in housework on work days and non-work days, relative contribution to housework, and perceptions of fairness about the division of household tasks. The results indicate that housework time and relative contributions are not particularly detrimental to mental and physical health. Rather, time spent in housework only appears to be harmful when it interferes with weekends or when individuals feel that the division of housework is unfair, particularly if it is unfair to one's spouse. Interestingly, these relationships do not differ for men and women. The results also suggest that work demands mediate the relationships between gender and health, as well as housework and health. Several avenues for further research are discussed.
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    Gender and the Division of Household Labour: An Analysis of the Implications for Mental and Physical Health
    (2012-06-26) Polachek, Alicia Joyelle; Wallace, Jean E.
    This thesis examines the relationships between the division of household labour and mental and physical health using survey data from 1,193 male and female lawyers in Canada. Household labour is examined in terms of time spent in housework on work days and non-work days, relative contribution to housework, and perceptions of fairness about the division of household tasks. The results indicate that housework time and relative contributions are not particularly detrimental to mental and physical health. Rather, time spent in housework only appears to be harmful when it interferes with weekends or when individuals feel that the division of housework is unfair, particularly if it is unfair to one’s spouse. Interestingly, these relationships do not differ for men and women. The results also suggest that work demands mediate the relationships between gender and health, as well as housework and health. Several avenues for further research are discussed.
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    The generation and gender shifts in medicine: an exploratory survey of internal medicine physicians
    (BioMed Central, 2006-05-05) Jovic, Emily; Wallace, Jean E.; Lemaire, Jane B.
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    How physicians identify with predetermined personalities and links to perceived performance and wellness outcomes: a cross-sectional study
    (BioMed Central, 2014-11-29) Lemaire, Jane B.; Wallace, Jean E.
    Background Certain personalities are ascribed to physicians. This research aims to measure the extent to which physicians identify with three predetermined personalities (workaholic, Type A and control freak) and to explore links to perceptions of professional performance, and wellness outcomes. Methods This is a cross-sectional study using a mail-out questionnaire sent to all practicing physicians (2957 eligible, 1178 responses, 40% response rate) in a geographical health region within a western Canadian province. Survey items were used to assess the extent to which participants felt they are somewhat of a workaholic, Type A and/or control freak, and if they believed that having these personalities makes one a better doctor. Participants’ wellness outcomes were also measured. Zero-order correlations were used to determine the relationships between physicians identifying with a personality and feeling it makes one a better doctor. T-tests were used to compare measures of physician wellness for those who identified with the personality versus those who did not. Results 53% of participants identified with the workaholic personality, 62% with the Type A, and 36% with the control freak. Identifying with any one of the personalities was correlated with feeling it makes one a better physician. There were statistically significant differences in several wellness outcomes comparing participants who identified with the personalities versus those who did not. These included higher levels of emotional exhaustion (workaholic, Type A and control freak), higher levels of anxiety (Type A and control freak) and higher levels of depression, poorer mental health and lower levels of job satisfaction (control freak). Participants who identified with the workaholic personality versus those who did not reported higher levels of job satisfaction, rewarding patient experiences and career commitment. Conclusions Most participants identified with at least one of the three personalities. The beliefs of some participants that these personalities enhance professional performance may reinforce the harmful behaviors associated with poor wellness outcomes. Future research should further explore links between physician personality, perceptions of performance and actual performance, and more definitively address whether the perceived benefits offered by identifying with the workaholic personality are enough to counter the potential costs to physician wellness.
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    Lawyers and depression: leisure matters
    (2008) Joudrey, Allan D.; Wallace, Jean E.
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    Older women’s experiences of companion animal death: impacts on well-being and aging-in-place
    (2021-08-23) Wilson, Donna M.; Underwood, Leah; Carr, Eloise; Gross, Douglas P.; Kane, Morgan; Miciak, Maxi; Wallace, Jean E.; Brown, Cary A.
    Abstract Background Companion animal death is a common source of grief, although the extent and context of that grief is poorly understood, especially in older adulthood. The aim of this multiple-methods study was to develop a greater understanding of the impact of companion animal death on older women living alone in the community, as older women are a distinct at-risk group, and the supports that should be available to help these individuals with their grief. Methods Participants were recruited from across Alberta, a Canadian province, through seniors’ organizations, pet rescue groups, and social media groups of interest to older women. After completing a pre-interview online questionnaire to gain demographic information and standardized pet attachment and grief measures data, participants were interviewed through the Zoom ® computer program or over the telephone. An interpretive description methodology framed the interviews, with Braun and Clarke’s 6-phase analytic method used for thematic analysis of interview data. Results In 2020, twelve participants completed the pre-interview questionnaires and nine went on to provide interview data for analysis. All were older adult (age 55+) women, living alone in the community, who had experienced the death of a companion animal in 2019. On the standardized measures, participants scored highly on attachment and loss, but low on guilt and anger. The interview data revealed three themes: catastrophic grief and multiple major losses over the death of their companion animal, immediate steps taken for recovery, and longer-term grief and loss recovery. Conclusions The findings highlight the importance of acknowledging and addressing companion animal grief to ensure the ongoing well-being and thus the sustained successful aging-in-place of older adult women in the community.
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    Spousal support for physicians: do occupational similarity, gender or parental status matter?
    (2011) Jovanovic, Alyssa Jill; Wallace, Jean E.
    This dissertation uses a mixed methods research design in order to examine how the occupation of one's spouse, gender and parental status may explain differences in the types and amounts of spousal support individuals receive when coping with work-related stress. In doing so, interview data were analyzed from physicians and their spouse along with survey data from married physicians, some of whom are married to other physicians, some have a spouse working in a health-related field, some have a spouse working outside of medicine, and others who have a spouse who is not employed. The results of both the qualitative and quantitative analyses suggest that physicians with the greatest degree of shared occupational and experiential similarity with their spouse (i.e., married to physicians) received the most support from their spouse. This is consistent with the theory of homophily in demonstrating the importance of shared experiences in understanding the effectiveness of social support. The results of both sets of data also show that male physicians tend to receive more emotional support from their spouse than female physicians. These findings suggest that wives provide more understanding and empathy to their spouses than husbands, consistent with the support gap hypothesis in the literature on gender differences in social support. Finally, both the interviews and survey results suggest that physicians who are parents receive less emotional and informational support than physicians who are not parents, particularly since parents are often busier with childcare responsibilities. However, contrary to what was expected, the results of the quantitative analysis suggest that parents of school-aged children received significantly less social support than those with preschool-aged children. The interviews also suggested that once physicians have children, wives tend to provide more instrumental support than husbands since physicians' wives are more likely to be responsible for childcare and housework. This dissertation closes with a discussion of the qualitative and quantitative finding, the conclusions of this study and implications for future research.
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    Work to family and work to parent conflict: a study of male and female lawyers' demands and resources
    (2008) DeGusti, Berenice; Wallace, Jean E.
    In this study, a model that draws upon the Resource-Demand perspective, Karasek' s Job Demands-Control theory and Role theory was developed to understand the determinants of work-to-family and work-to-parent conflict. Hypotheses about the effects of work and family demands and resources and gender, were tested using secondary data from 646 Alberta lawyers. Results suggest that work domain variables are important for understanding work-to-family conflict. While family demands did not significantly contribute to work-to-family conflict, family resources such as paid help with childcare and housework, were important in moderating the harmful effects of work and family demands on work-to-family conflict. The model was less successful in explaining work-to-parent conflict and it was proposed that work-to-parent conflict may be better understood as an outcome of work-to-family conflict. More research is needed to investigate this possibility, as well as to understand why women experience more work-to-family and work-to-parent conflict than men.