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Open Access
G-deletion in Canadian dialects of English
(University of Calgary, 1975-01) Murray, Brenda
Dialects differ in many ways. Canadian dialects differ among themselves. An example of this is in the presence or absence of a rule.
Open Access
A comparison of M. Bloomfield's "Western (Saskatchewan)" dialect and a dialect from the Regina area
(University of Calgary, 1975-01) Gullon, P
Bloomfield, in Southerland: (1973:31-32) presents a phonetic transcription for several dozen words in the "Western (Saskatchewan)" dialect of English. An analysis of this regional dialect shows a number of rather faulty generalizations in Bloomfield's treatment when compared with the dialects of five residents of the Regina area.
Open Access
A comparison of New Brunswick and Saskatchewan English
(University of Calgary, 1975-01) Gordon, Barbara; Stevens, Anita
This paper deals with the phonological differences of three dialects within two provinces in Canada. One dialect recorded was that from a region in New Brunswick, while the other two dialects were from different areas in Saskatchewan. The two informants from Saskatchewan came from the central and southwest regions.
Open Access
Calgary Working Papers in Linguistics, Volume 1, Winter 1975
(University of Calgary, 1975-01) Klokeid, Terry J.; Roberts, Linda; Cook, Eung-Do; Stewart, Charlotte; Hofer, Earl
The ten papers presented in this first issue share the theme of the phonology of Canadian English. The authors were students in an undergraduate course on the history of English, winter term 1974. Some, but not all of the papers contain original observations. The common purpose of these articles is to make accessible to other undergraduate students materials dealing with Canadian English.
Open Access
Rule ordering in Canadian English
(University of Calgary, 1975-01) Jones, Brenda
Over ten years ago, "Morris Halle cited Martin Joos' data to demonstrate that some Canadian dialect differences can be characterized in terms of differently ordered rules." Two of these differently ordered rules are T-Voicing and Vowel Shortening, called for short Voicing and Shortening, respectively.
Open Access
The glottal closure sound in English
(University of Calgary, 1975-01) Kemp, Leanne
In the Alberta dialect of English, there are three environments which will affect the pronuncation of the /t/ phoneme. While these pronunciations may be found to be widespread, their employment is optional and may vary on different occasions, even within the same individual and with the same word. These pronunciations are influenced by the surrounding phonological environment. Depending on the environment, the pronunciation of the /t/ may be: (1) voiceless aspirated (2) voiced or (3) changed to a glottal closure sound.
Open Access
Canadian Raising in a Windsor, Ontario dialect
(University of Calgary, 1975-01) Weber, Debby
There is a rule found in most if not all Canadian Dialects in which the diphthongs /aw/ and /ay/ are heightened under varied conditions to produce [ʌw] and [ʌy]: this rule has been called Canadian Raising. Let us first look at the most common version of this phonological rule in Western Canada. We have to examine four phonetic environments to see where Canadian Raising is obligatory or blocked. These include the occurrence of the diphthongs /aw/ or /ay/ before a voiced or voiceless consonant, at the end of a word, or where followed by a syllable with primary stress.
Open Access
Australian Lowering: A study of one dialect difference between Canadian and Australian spoken English
(University of Calgary, 1975-01) Welch, Kay
The purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast dialects of Canadian and Australian English regarding the occurrence of the high front tense vowel /i/. I assume a common underlying representation for both dialects; it is irrelevant for present purposes that the vowel /i/ probably has a more abstract source.
Open Access
An introduction to: trisyllabic laxing, vowel shift, and Canadian raising
(University of Calgary, 1975-01) Rempel, Rosemary
In our English language we have a number of words that we know are somehow the same and yet we pronounce them very differently. Let's take a look at the phonetic form of some of these words, in particular, certain vowel sounds.
Restricted
Vowel shortening and T-voicing in Canadian English
(University of Calgary, 1975-01) Campbell, A. Luella
This paper will discuss three regional variations in Canadian dialects. Two of these regions have two rules, which do not seem to be present in the third dialect, Dialect C. These two rules differ in their ordering in the other two dialects, Dialects A and B. All three dialects have the general Canadian Raising Rule. The two rules, which are the subject for this paper, are the Vowel Shortening Rule and the T-Voicing Rule.
Open Access
The relevance of morpheme boundaries to nasal assimilation in Canadian English
(University of Calgary, 1975-01) Roth, Ruth
Consider the words sink, blunt, frank, single, uncle and wind; all of which contain the phoneme /n/. Note that lint, blunt and wind differ from the others in the pronunciation of /n/. Sink, frank, single, and uncle all contain an /n/ folowed by a voiceless /k/ and herein lies the difference. It appears that when an /n/ and a /k/ appear together, nasal assimilation occurs, changing the alveolar nasal /n/ to the velar nasal /ŋ/.
Open Access
Calgary Working Papers in Linguistics, Volume 2, Spring 1976
(University of Calgary, 1976-05) de Waard, Al; Latimer, Richard; Maciborka, Melanie; Roberts, Jessica
LOGOS, the student linguistics club at the University of Calgary is continuing their series of working papers. The contributions to this issue are from the undergraduates and graduates in The Department of Linguistics at The University of Calgary. In general, the papers were used as partial fulfillment for course work, with the topics arising from class discussions. The general areas dealt with are phonology, syntax, and sociolinguistics.
Open Access
Relational grammar applied to Dutch
(University of Calgary, 1976-05) Beattle, Janet
One of the main contentions of Relational Grammar is that there are universal rules which underlie all of the languages of the world. It further states that each language chooses rules from the supply of available substantive universal rules, and applies them according to certain formal universal rules. In this paper I will show how both types of rules apply in Dutch.
Open Access
Developing a theory to account for symbolism in code switching
(University of Calgary, 1976-05) Fry, Ian W
The purpose of this paper is to examine the importance of symbolism in one face of language: code switching. While some attention will be given to bi-registral and bi-dialectal code switching, the chief focus will be bilingual code switching. This does not imply that the former are any less important: switching among bi- and multilinguals is simply the most easily recognized since it represents the most extreme and clear-cut form of language switching. The findings concerning bilinguals would apply to all areas of switching.
Open Access
On Vegliote vowels
(University of Calgary, 1976-05) Latimer, Richard
Vegliote is, perhaps, the least known of the Romance languages. This language maintains its anonymity through the simple means of being extinct. However, Roger L. Hadlich, in his doctoral dissertation, posited a Serbo-Croatian influence upon the development of Vegliote, based on studies of the work of Matteo Bartoli. Through his studies, Hadlich attempted to explain many of the unanswered questions concerning the vowel and consonant development of Vegliote. In his dissertation, The Phonological History of Vegliote, Hadlich makes no reference to the types of words the phonemes were used in, nor does her state whether they were used by bilingual or monolingual speakers. Using modern structural techniques to trace the development of the language, Hadlich posits this Serbo-Croatian influence which I will trace point by point.
Open Access
Calgary Working Papers in Linguistics, Volume 3, Fall 1976
(University of Calgary, 1976-09) DeGuzman, Videa; Karra, Elizabeth; Klokeid, Terry J.; Roberts, Jessica L.
This issue of Calgary Working Papers in Linguistics consists of A Workbook in English Syntax, by Terry J. Klokeid. It is a text used at The University of Calgary for some undergraduate courses in syntax. These courses emphasize the frameworks of network relational grammar and transformational generative grammar.
Open Access
A workbook in English syntax
(University of Calgary, 1976-09) Klokeid, Terry J.
There are perhaps 5,000 different human languages spoken around the world, and we know of a great many others which have gone out of use or which have been transformed into another language. Among all these languages, there is a fascinating richness in the variety of speech sounds and sentence patterns that are used. At the same time, this variation is not limitless. There exist striking and deep-seated similarities among the world's languages.
Open Access
Phonological explanation in the theory of phonetics: the distributional frequency of half-nasal consonants
(University of Calgary, 1978-05) Herbert, Robert K
The past several years have witnessed a significant increase in the role accorded explanation within linguistic theory. There have been numerous attempts to explain linguistic phenomena on all levels of analysis by reference to linguistic and extralinguistic factors. This concern is not novel. The direction it has taken presently, however, can be traced to a dissatisfaction with the very formal and abstract conceptualization of explanation within early generative grammar. In this paper, I would like to consider briefly the present status of explanation in the area of intersection between phonology and phonetics and to suggest that just as we have come to recognize the perils of a phonetics-free theory of phonology, there can be no such phonology-free theory of phonetics.
Open Access
Comparative and typological perspectives on the reconstruction of the Indo-European "gutturals"
(University of Calgary, 1978-05) Southerland, Ronald H
In recent decades there has been a trend in Indo-European studies to place greater weight on typological considerations than on purely comparative evidence in reconstructions. The most oft-cited study in this regard is, of course, Jakobson (1972), in which the author introduced the notion of implicational universals and lauded the "predictive power" of typological studies in reconstruction (p. 304). The present paper takes issue with the blanket application of typological considerations to problems of comparative reconstruction. The specific problem addressed is the set of "guttural" (an out-dated but still handy cover term for the palatal, velar and labio-velars) stops in Proto-Indo-European.
Open Access
Calgary Working Papers in Linguistics, Volume 4, Spring 1978
(University of Calgary, 1978-05) De Guzman, Videa P.; Herbert, Robert K.
This issue is the fourth in the series of working papers published by LOGOS, the student linguistics club at The University of Calgary. The series provides a vehicle for publications by faculty members and students; these papers represent research in progress and are therefore not to be considered as final statements by the authors. The appearance of these articles in the current issue does not preclude their publication in altered form elsewhere.