Haskayne School of Business
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The Haskayne School of Business was founded at the University of Calgary in 1967, and was named in honour of Richard F. Haskayne, OC, AOE, FCA in 2002.
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Item Metadata only An Exploratory Analysis of the Nature and Extent of Individual Differences in Perception(American Marketing Association, 1974-02) Ritchie, J. R. BrentConsumer perceptions of 12 leisure activities were examined to determine the extent of individual differences. The perceptual variation among respondents was substantially greater than expected by chance. Cluster analysis was used to classify the nature of the observed perceptual differences.Item Metadata only Marketing Research and Public Policy: A Functional Perspective(American Marketing Association, 1975-07) Ritchie, J. R. Brent; LaBreque, Roger L.Wilkie and Gardner, in a recent report of their work within the Federal Trade Com- mission,' have made an important contribution to the marketing literature. Despite much discussion and a number of conceptual advances in the late 1960s and early 1970s, there have been relatively few reported applications of the supposedly important role that marketing analysis and research can play in improving decision making in the public sector. In addition, only a few efforts have been made to explore the conceptual and practical dimensions of marketing's potential contribution to public policy formation. The present article has three objectives. First, it seeks to examine the fundamental roles of government in an attempt to define conceptually possible areas where marketing can be useful within the public sector. The contention is made that the role of marketing research in the formation of regulatory public policy has been overemphasized in the literature relative to its role in the development of functional public policy. Functional policy decisions are those that pertain to the nature and type of products or services pro- vided by government directly to its citizens as well as to the industrialized private sector. The second and principal aim of the article is to identify a number of factors within the management setting in government that affect the potential use of marketing concepts developed largely within the private sector. The nature of these fac- tors and their impact on the marketing process are discussed. Finally, the authors provide examples to demonstrate the range of actual and potential functional activities within the public sector where marketing research is being increasingly used or is needed. The discussion includes brief reference to a concrete application of marketing analysis and research in the public sector.Item Open Access COMPOSITE MEASURES FOR THE EVALUATION OF INVESTMENT PERFORMANCE(Cambridge University Press, 1979) Chua, Jess; Ang, James SThe article addresses composite measures of investment performance. The author identifies some of the challenges posed by previous measures, particularly ex ante measures that are not directly applicable to ex post performance. Other efforts that address predictability are considered. The author considers that systematic biases may be hindering the success of these measures, and this article posits that these biases could be caused by a deficiency of not considering asymmetry of return distributions and an inability to specify the correct holding period. The article presents a literature review, and develops a composite performance measure that takes into account advances in Capital Market theory.Item Open Access The profiles of late-paying consumer loan borrowers: an exploratory study(Ohio State University Press, 1979) Chua, Jess; Ang, James S; Bowling, Clinton HItem Open Access Coalitions, the Me-First Rule, and the Liquidation Decision(Wiley-Blackwell, 1980) Chua, Jess; Ang, James SConventional wisdom in economics recommends that a bankrupt firm with liquidation value greater than going-concern value be liquidated by the creditors and that a firm with going-concern value greater than liquidation value continue to operate. Recently, counterexamples to the traditional rule have been presented. This note argues that violation of the me-first rule is responsible for these counterexamples. Since violation of the me-first rule involves the absence of value-maximization on the part of some economic agents, economic theories concerned with rational behavior may justifiably still assume that the liquidation decision follows the traditional rule.Item Open Access Optimum Retirement Age(Palgrave Macmillian, 1982) Larsen (Nielson), Norma; Ralston, AugustThis paper models optimum retirement age by considering both the demand for a human resource (expressed here as the demand for a particular employee A) and the supply of that human resource. Optimal retirement age is obviously a combination of the employer’s offer to employ A and A’s willingness to be employed. These demand and supply sides of the retirement age question will be considered in this paper. However, the emphasis will be on the demand side. The supply side has previously received more attention by researchers [1,6]. The paper uses a classical economic marginal analysis of the retirement age question and begins by assuming a competitive labor market. This assumption is soon relaxed to allow consideration of more realistic possibilities, including imperfect infor¬mation, which may result in exploitation of employees, implicit labor contracts, and the like. Special attention is given to the impact of pension plans on the optimum retirement age.Item Open Access Bringing Captives' Benefits to Smaller Employers(Risk and Insurance Management Society Inc., 1983) Nielson, NormaItem Open Access Group Medical Expense Provisions and the AIDS Crisis(International Society of Certified Employee Benefit Specialists, 1988) Nielson, NormaAn exploration of the provisions of group medical expense plans that play the most significant part in determining coverage for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients presents the following crucial elements in measuring the extent of health care coverage available: 1. maximum limitations on lifetime expenditures, 2. hospice care, 3. home health care, 4. experimental treatments, 5. prescription drug coverage, 6. mental health benefits, 7. continuation benefits, 8. leaves of absence, and 9. preexisting condition clauses. Benefit managers need to monitor changes and additions to this list as a way of forecasting the rate of medical cost inflation. As a result of AIDS, several changes among medical plan benefits are predicted: 1. Self-insured financing will decline. 2. Coverage for home health care and hospice services will continue to rise. 3. Employers will formalize policies concerning leave of absence. 4. Coverage for outpatient prescription drugs will be scrutinized carefully. 5. The decline in coverage for mental benefits will slow. 6. The most contentious area of potential benefit redesign activity will be the preexisting-condition clause.Item Open Access When Curing Health Care Costs Creates Liability(Risk and Insurance Management Society Inc., 1988) Nielson, Norma; Mukatis, W. A.In Wickline versus State of California (1986), the jury held that third-party payors of health care services can be held legally accountable when medically inappropriate decisions result from faulty design or implementation of cost-containment mechanisms. A key element in determining potential liability is establishing whether medical personnel are either corporate agents/employees or independent contractors. When the employer hires medical personnel, potential liability is the greatest. Even without direct hiring, courts may hold that cost control is sufficient to establish a master-servant relationship or that employee perceptions of an employer's closeness to the medical decision making warrants the finding of liability under the theory of apparent authority. The use of an independent trust to select medical care might insulate the employer from liability, but any direct benefit might posit a case for vicarious liability.Item Open Access The Efficacy of Mandated Insurance Coverage for AIDS(National Association of Insurance Commissioners, 1989-06) Nielson, Norma; Powers, Mark; Ralston, AugustAt least 16,000 Americans have AIDS, and the Centers for Disease Control of the United States Public Health Service estimate that as many as 1.5 million Americans may be infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus ("HIV"). As public awareness of AIDS and its associated costs grows, the likelihood increases that insurance regulators and state legislatures will face calls to prohibit insurers from denying or restricting insurance coverage for AIDS victims. This article explores the various forms such a mandate might take, the practicality of mandated AIDS coverage, and the specific provisions of medical expense plans which play the most significant role in determining coverage for AIDS patients. The analysis concludes that, for a variety of reasons, legislation amending state insurance statutes to require coverage for AIDS would probably prove an ineffective mechanism to achieve laudable social objectives.Item Open Access Application of Expert Systems in Insurance Regulation(National Association of Insurance Commissioners, 1989-09) Nielson, Norma; Brown, Carol E.This article describes how existing expert systems in parallel disciplines might be used to address problems facing insurance regulators. It further describes how an expert system might enhance the value of the NAIC's IRIS system. It concludes with descriptions of the processes involved in building an expert system and the costs and problems likely to be encountered.Item Metadata only An Evaluation of Empirical Research in Managerial Support Systems(Elsevier, 1990) Nault, Barrie R; Benbasat, IzakThis paper describes, summarizes and comments on the empirical studies in the use of three information technologies to support managerial activities: decision support systems (DSS), group decision support systems (GDSS), and expert systems (ES). These are collectively labelled as managerial support systems (MSS). A classification scheme to organize empirical research in MSS is proposed. An overview of empirical work on two major research themes, namely MSS “design” and “effects of use” of MSS, is then presented for the years 1981–1988. Following this overview, the research strategies suitable for empirical research in MSS are discussed. The paper concludes with suggestions about future research directions in the field.Item Open Access Expert Systems for Personal Financial Planning(The Institute of Certified Financial Planners, 1990) Nielson, Norma; Brown, Carol E.; Phillips, Mary EllenComputer capability is expanding to provide users access to the judgments of the bell experts in a given field, including personal financial planning, through computer programs called expert systems. Personal financial planning expert systems can be classified as either integrated systems, which provide solutions to all aspects of financial planning or specialized systems, which focus on a smaller knowledge domain. This article discusses the various integrated personal financial planning expert systems in use. The article also discusses financial planning expert s systems based on the approach used in their development and the characteristics that should be considered in selecting a System.Item Open Access Concepts of property for tenants of the earth(Legal Resource Centre of Alberta Ltd. (LRC), 1990-09) Bowal, PeterItem Open Access An Expanding Employee Benefit: Personal Financial Planning with Expert Systems(Institute of Management, 1990-09) Nielson, Norma; Phillips, Mary Ellen; Brown, Carol E.When a provider of personal financial planning services uses an expert system to prepare plans, the cost per plan is substantailly reduced and the quality of plans is more consistent. Because of the reduced cost and increased quality, an employer can consider providing comprehensive personal financial planning to many more employees than currently are receiving this benefit.Item Open Access An Evaluation of Empirical Research in Managerial Support Systems - ABSTRACT(Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. (North-Holland), 1990-09-06) Nault, Barrie RThis paper describes, summarizes and comments on the empirical studies in the use of three information technologies to support managerial activities: decision support systems (DSS), group decision support systems (GDSS), and expert systems (ES). These are collectively labeled as managerial support systems (MSS). A classification scheme to organize empirical research in MSS is proposed. An overview of empirical work on two major research themes, namely MSS “design” and “effects of use” of MSS, is then presented for the years 1981-1988. Following this overview, the research strategies suitable for empirical research in MSS are discussed. The paper concludes with suggestions about future research directions in the field.Item Open Access Expert Systems to Provide Financial Planning Benefits(International Society of Certified Employee Benefit Specialists, 1991) Nielson, Norma; Phillips, M.E.; Brown, C.E.Expert systems can substantially reduce the cost of comprehensive personal financial plans while providing more consistent quality. Four basic approaches are used by developers of expert systems for comprehensive personal financial planning: 1. a custom expert system, 2. a custom modification of an existing expert system, 3. developer-provided personal financial plans, and 4. the purchase or license of an expert system for in-house use. The best approach depends on the number of plans to be prepared, the expertise and staff in both expert systems and personal financial planning, and the choice of either an in-house or outside entity to provide the service. Criteria that should be considered when selecting a personal financial planning expert system preparer for employees include: 1. the reliability of the system, 2. the suitability of the system, 3. the form of data input, 4. the support needed to prepare input, 5. the flexibility of the system, and 6. the understandability of the output. Six financial planning expert systems are discussed.Item Open Access SOLUTIONS FOR THE CONSTRAINED DYNAMIC PLANT LAYOUT PROBLEM(Faculty of Graduate Studies, School of Business Indiana University, 1991) Balakrishnan, Jaydeep; Jacobs, F. R.Item Open Access Payout Elections of Participants in a Public Pension(International Society of Certified Employee Benefit Specialists, 1992) Nielson, Norma; Beehr, Terry AThe payout choices made by retiring workers of the Oregon Public Employees Retirement System (PERS) and their spouses who sought information about retirement after February 1, 1990, and later retired during 1990 are reported. The study population was found to divide itself almost evenly among options that provide guaranteed lifetime income protection to the spouse, those that provided a temporary refund guarantee, and those that provided no ongoing income to the spouse after the retiree's death. The results strongly support the existence of adverse selection in the payout options chosen by retirees. The health of the retiree does more to explain the payout choice than does any other variable. While the results indicate that retirees feel more strongly about providing adequately for spouses than do the spouses themselves, this statement of apparent priority is contradicted when a significant number of spouses or retiring PERS employees will have no lifetime income payable under that or any other pension plan.Item Open Access An Evaluation of Financial Planning Expert Systems(Association for Financial Counseling and Planning Education, 1992) Nielson, Norma; Phillips, M.E.; Brown, C.E.This article describes the use of expert systems in personal financial planning and the research approach used to evaluate the expert systems. For four of the six expert systems that have been developed, it compares the data-collection forms and information used in preparing personal financial plans. Then, it discusses environmental and system assumptions. Lastly, the article analyzes the impact of the variations observed in information requested, system parameters, and system assumptions, and, when possible, compares the recommendations of the plans.