Restricted Theses and Dissertations
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Browsing Restricted Theses and Dissertations by Department "Archaeology"
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Item Embargo A cognitive approach to lithic analysis(1977) Reardon, Gerard V.; Kelley, N. Jane H.Item Embargo A model for resource utilization in an ecotone: southwestern Ontario (3000 B.C. to historic)(1978) Stahl, Peter William; Kelley, N. Jane H.Item Embargo A Paleoecological model for northwest coast prehistory(1974) Fladmark, Knut R.; Forbis, Richard G.The evolution of the Northwest Coast cultural pattern is discussed in terms of changing energy availability through periods of environmental instability and quasi-stability. Evidence is presented for the simultaneous occurrenc e of two different archaeolo gica l traditions along the Northwest Coast between about 10,000 and 5,000 B.P. The first is characterized by a blade-andcore technology and de-emphasis of bifacial flaking. Site areas are associated with raised beaches and distributed along the whole coast north of central Queen Charlotte Sound . To the south, particularly on the lower Fraser and Columbia Rivers there occurs contemporaneously an entirely different tradition characterized by large leaf-shaped bifaces and a lack of a true blade-and-core technology. The distributional break between the two traditions corresponds precisely with the zero-isobar separating sea-level s significantly higher than present north of central Queen Charlotte Sound, and sea-levels significantly lower to the south. It is suggested that this correlation reflects the divergent effects of higher and lower sea-levels on the coastal environment and corresponding divergence of cultural adaptive strategies. The blade-and-core tradition probably represents a long-standing cultural adaptation to the inter-tidal and general marine resources of the sub-arctic Pacific region, with the southern tradition more heavily based on riverine and terrestrial resources. The rapid efflorescence of large semi-permanent settlements, art and wealth objects, and other features typical of ethnographic coastal cultures, 5,000 B.P. correlates with the stabilization of sea-level at about the present position along most of the coast at this time. It is suggested that gradient maturation of the river systems following coastline stabilization allowed the establishment of the massive and dependable salmon runs on which the dense and semi-sedentary populations of the ethnographic Northwest Coast were based.Item Embargo A re-assessment of the Neolithic period in the Sudan(1973) Mohammed, Al-Abbas Siedahmed; Shinnie, Peter L.Item Embargo A study of traditional iron metallurgy in Africa(1977) Kense, Francois Jannis; Shinnie, Peter L.Item Embargo Aboriginal settlement patterns in the upper Stikine River drainage, northwestern British Columbia(1985) Friesen, David E.; Forbis, Richard G.This thesis focusses on aboriginal settlement patterns in the Upper Stikine River drainage, northwestern British Columbia. Utilizing an ecological approach to investigate this problem, palaeoenvironmental and archaeological field work were conducted on the Spatsizi and Klastline Plateaux. The objective was to evaluate a series of hypotheses concerning the interrelationship between culture and environment over the last 3,000 years. These test hypotheses were formulated from information supplied by an ethnographic model of subsistence (Albright 1982) and, environmental and archaeological studies conducted in the region. Palynological evidence suggests that the research area is characterized by environmental stability during this time period. Therefore, it was assumed that the effective resource base has not changed. Archaeological investigations resulted in discovery of 67 prehistoric sites. The locations of these sites are influenced by local, regional and seasonal variations in the resource base. Settlement locations are oriented to forest/aquatic ecotonal communities where human accessibility to a range of important fixed (ie., landform, water source etc.) and mobile (ie., ungulate populations} resources is maximized. Site density in the study area is low (0.15 - 1. 1 km^2) as local aboriginal populations tended to exploit dispersed and mobile resources such as caribou. Sites recorded are generally small and transitory, representative of short-term occupations by small hunting parties. Seasonal changes in resource abundance and availability forced frequent camp relocation, as well as changes in group size. Therefore, settlement mobility and flexibility of social organization were strategies employed to cope with resource variability and unpredictability. Techniques employed to exploit resources were simple, characterized by relatively homogeneous tool assemblages dominated by obsidian flakes. Palaeoenvironmental, archaeological and historic evidence suggest that fire was an important exploitative tool. Conclusions indicate that the ethnographic tradition of dispersed fall/winter hunting and camping in the study area is supported archaeologically. The historic Hyland Post Trail closely follows an ancient aboriginal route 1inking fall/winter hunting areas on the Spatsizi and Klastline Plateaux with obsidian quarries on Mount Edziza and summer fishing villages situated in the Telegraph Creek area.Item Embargo African agriculture origins: a perspective(1978) Brower, Ann Merrill; Shinnie, Peter L.Item Embargo Agrarian transition, stabilization and decline in the prehistoric uplands of south-west England(1985) Francis, Peter D.; Raymond, J. ScottItem Embargo Archaeological investigations at the Willows Beach site, southeastern Vancouver Island(1975) Kenny, Ray Allan; Raymond, J. ScottItem Embargo Archaeology and ethnohistory of the Arrow Lakes, southeastern British Columbia(1973) Turnbull, Christopher J.; Forbis, Richard G.Item Embargo Archaeology of Fisherman Lake: western District of MacKenzie, N.W.T.(1968) Millar, James F. V.; MacNeish, Richard StocktonThe archaeological and geological data collected during 2 field seasons in the Fisherman Lake Valley of the western MacKenzie Basin produced a sequence of 12 cultural complexes representing a series of occupations extending from the late Pleistocene to the present. Interpretation of the glacial and sedimentary characteristics of the region and a series of radiocarbon dates provide a chronological framework for the sequence. The provenience of the earliest 2 complexes implies habitation of the valley prior to the final Lauren tide ice-stand in the western MacKenzie Basin. The geographic and physiographic location of the valley in the central section of the Eastern Cordilleran Migration Corridor allows correlation of previous work in the western interior with that in the eastern interior Arctic, as well as between the northern and central latitudes of the continent. Analysis of the indicated relationships results in a tentative reconstruction of population movement through the western MacKenzie Basin. The earliest 3 complexes, Hughes, McLeod and Cordilleran show evidence of separate movements from antecedents in the northwest. The following 2 complexes, Stem Point and Agate Basin Plana, appear derived from developments in the central plains and central western intermontane plateau region. In the subsequent Julian Complex there appear several lithic technologies related to the northern intermontane plateau and the Alaskan lowlands. These persist into the Pointed Mountain Complex, but are gradually replaced during the Fish Lake, JcRw8-l W and Mac-Kenzie Complexes by the ethnographic Athabascan pattern found in the Spence River and Fort Liard Complexes.Item Embargo Arctic small tool tradition in Manitoba(1968) Nash, Ronald J.; MacNeish, Richard StocktonItem Embargo Artifacts from the ancient city of Meroe, Sudan(1977) Robertson, Ann Kathleen; Shinnie, Peter L.Item Embargo Banff prehistory : prehistoric subsistence and settlement in Banff National Park, Alberta(1972) Christensen, Ole A.; Reeves, Brian O. K.The Rocky Mountains are generally considered as a cultural barrier. Increasingly, archaeological research is showing that this is not the case. The material recovered from Banff National Park, Alberta during 1969 and 1970 demonstrates human occupation for at least 11,000 years in an area of considerable ecological and biological diversity. The distribution of humanly exploitable resources led to the deposition of groups of cultural material which, by their internal composition and context, suggest sets of ethological patterns related to this resource distribution. The thesis is concerned with the description of resources and cultural material and how these reflect the ethological patterns of the groups occupying the study area.Item Embargo Banff prehistory: prehistoric subsistence and settlement in Banff National Park, Albera(1972) Christensen, Ole A.; Reeves, Brian O. K.Item Embargo Brazilian feather headdresses: a type-variety classification of specimens from central and northeastern Brazil(1968) Baxter, David Norman Price; Heinrich, Albert C.Item Embargo Christian Nubia: contribution of archaeology to its understanding(1973) Osman, Ali; Shinnie, Peter L.Item Embargo Classification and analysis of artifacts(1972) Nance, Jack Dwain; Forbis, Richard G.Item Embargo Coke ovens of Crowsnest Pass(1979) Kennedy, Margaret Anne; Reeves, Brian O. K.Item Embargo Continuity and change in Meroitic pottery(1975) Robertson, John H.; Shinnie, Peter L.