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The Faculty of Arts is home to one of the most multidisciplinary academic communities on campus. From neuroscience, through ancient languages to choreography and music and drama composition, our researchers and students lead critical and creative research inquiry that engages communities and fosters innovation, leadership and creative practice. Composed of 12 departments and two schools, our faculty fosters a culture of critical and creative inquiry, debate, imagination, discovery and entrepreneurial thinking. Our vision for energizing arts is to engage, inspire, discover. Continue reading to find out more about research in the Faculty of Arts.
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Browsing Arts by Department "Geography"
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Item Open Access Access to primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in Canada: a geographic analysis(Open Journal Systems, 2010-02-02) Patel, Alka B; Tu, Jack V; Waters, Nigel; Ko, Dennis T; Eisenberg, Mark J; Huynh, Thao; Rinfret, Stéphane; Knudtson, Merril; Ghali, William AItem Open Access Advanced overview of multitemporal and hypertemporal remote sensing techniques(2017-05-25) Hall-Beyer, MrykaThis item contains three parts: a narrated module providing an overview of practical and theoretical aspects of using remote sensing images of multiple dates; a case study of applying Principal Components Analysis (PCA) to a regional vegetation dataset to extract temporal patterns over 6 years; and a case study of applying harmonic analysis adapted for use with temporal spatial datasets to the extraction of data informing about spatial detail of ecoregional definition. The module and case studies are intended for the use of advanced remote sensing students and researchers. Material may be used and adapted/updated, with attribution.Item Open Access Beyond participation and distribution: a scoping review to advance a comprehensive justice framework for impact assessment(2020-07-22) Blue, Gwendolyn; Bronson, Kelly; Lajoie-O’Malley, AlanaIndustrial projects bring about dramatic social change. With the Impact Assessment Act 2019 there is a greater emphasis on the social impacts of development and on the “meaningful participation” of citizens in impact assessment (IA). It is widely believed that meaningful participation can improve the legitimacy of development and even provide a step towards reconciliation with Indigenous peoples, which is a commitment set out explicitly in IAA 2019. To foster meaningful participation and deliver sound decision-making, impact assessments must also be just. Calls have been made for integrating justice more centrally in impact assessment practice and evaluation but work is needed to inform just IA processes. Our report draws on a framework of justice that emerges from environmental justice (EJ) scholarship and activism and defines justice along three interdependent dimensions: distribution, representation, and recognition. Our report tests the hypothesis that there is a gap in research which addresses all three dimensions of this justice framework, and we assess how this gap might translate into a gap in methods for guiding meaningful participation in IA. The objective of this report is (1) to provide an overview of the ways in which existing approaches to IA address EJ, and (2) to outline what an EJ approach to meaningful participation in Canadian federal impact assessment would entail in practice. Based upon a scoping review of 593 academic articles, 20 technical reports and government documents, and 2 blogs/media articles, we conclude that articles which address justice in IA typically focus on either its distributional or procedural dimensions. We recommend (1) future research focusing on recognitional justice as this will be helpful for Canadian IA policy and practice where issues of Indigenous sovereignty and claims for self-recognition are front and centre in IA decisions (and disputes over them); (2) that Canadian best practices be synthesized for practitioner and decision-making communities, and that future scholars integrate IA practice; and (3) that scholarship explore the trade-offs of privileging the nation-states’ duty to decide in the broad public interest, on one the hand, and principles of EJ that emphasize community-driven problem definition and decision-making, on the other.Item Open Access A City of Digital Engagement (Instagram)(2019-01) Burns, RyanItem Metadata only Civil Society Opposition to Nonferrous Metals Mining in Guatemala(Springer, 2008-11-01) Holden, William N.; Jacobson, DanItem Metadata only Civil Society Opposition to Nonferrous Metals Mining in Montana(Springer, 2007-09-22) Holden, William N.; Jacobson, Dan; Moran, KirstenItem Open Access Comparison of distance measures in spatial analytical modeling for health service planning(BioMed Central, 2009-11-06) Shahid, Rizwan; Bertazzon, Stefania; Knudtson, Merril L.; Ghali, William A.Item Open Access A COVID-19 panacea in digital technologies? Challenges for democracy and higher education(SAGE : Dialogues in Human Geography, 2020-06-02) Burns, RyanUniversities have transitioned to online education in order to slow the spread of COVID-19. This transition mobilizes the technological utopian imaginary that digital technologies can rescue populations from the disease. It also raises the risk of deepening neoliberal educational reforms and, by extension, poses a threat to democracy itself. This commentary explores this risk and suggests ways to resist the resulting neoliberalization of education that it could entail.Item Open Access Determining geographic areas and populations with timely access to cardiac catheterization facilities for acute myocardial infarction care in Alberta, Canada(BioMed Central, 2007-10-16) Patel, Alka B; Waters, Nigel; Ghali, William AItem Open Access Ecclesial Opposition to Large-Scale Mining on Samar: Neoliberalism Meets the Church of the Poor in a Wounded Land(MDPI, 2012-09-07) Holden, William N.Item Open Access GLCM Texture: A Tutorial v. 3.0 March 2017(Previously available at http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/nasdev/mhallbey/research.htm, 2017-03) Hall-Beyer, MrykaThis tutorial describes both the theory and practice of the use of Grey Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) textures as originally described by Haralick and others in 1973. It leads users through the practical construction and use of a small sample image, with the aim of deep understanding of the purpose, capabilities and limitations of this set of descriptive statistics. Explanations and examples are concentrated on use in a landscape scale and perspective for enhancing classification accuracy, particularly in the cases where spatial arrangement of tonal (spectral) variability provides independent data relevant to the class identification. Background information is provided to answer the questions arising from 15 years of use of the tutorial, and increased practical experience of the author in teaching and research. Some information is provided to make the material accessible to specialists in fields other than remote sensing, for example medical imaging and industrial quality control. However the author is not an expert in these fields and texture's use there is not covered in detail. A basic bibliography is provided for research that has promoted the field of remote sensing GLCM texture; research projects that simply make use of it are not systematically covered.Item Open Access Increasing the dimensionality of a Geographic Information System (GIS) Using Auditory Display(McGill University, 2007-06) MacVeigh, Ryan; Jacobson, DanItem Open Access Mineral nitrogen and phosphorus pools affected by water table lowering and warming in a boreal forested peatland(2017-09-14) Munir, Tariq; Khadka, Bhupesh; Xu, Bin; Strack, Maria; Munir, TariqChanges in atmospheric temperature and lowering in water-table (WT) are expected to affect peatland nutrient dynamics. To understand the response of peatland nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) dynamics to warming and drainage in a continental wooded-bog of hummock – hollow microtopography, we compared three sites: 1) control, 2) recently drained (2-3 years; experimental), and 3) older drained (12-13 years; drained), during 2013. The WT was lowered at experimental and drained sites to 74 cm and 120 cm, respectively, while a warming of ~1 °C was created at one-half of the microforms using open-top chambers. Responses of peat total-inorganic- nitrogen [TIN = nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) + ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N)] and phosphate-P [PO43--P] pools and, vegetation C:N ratio, δ13C, and δ15N to the experimental treatments were investigated across sites/microforms and over time. Peat TIN available and extractable pools increased with deepening of WT and over time, and were greater at hummocks relative to hollows. In contrast, the PO4 pools increased with short-term drainage but reverted to very close to their original (control) nutrient values in the longer-term. The WT and warming driven change in the peat TIN pool was strongly reflected in the vascular vegetation C:N ratio and, shrub δ13C and δ15N, while moss nutrient dynamics did not vary between sites. Therefore, we suggest that atmospheric warming combined with WT deepening can increase the availability of mineral N and P, which then can be reflected in vascular vegetation and hence modify the productivity and ecosystem functioning of the northern mid-latitude continental forested bogs in the long-term.Item Open Access Mitigating the Physical Barriers of a Post-Secondary Education: Accessible Mobility Mapping and Rollshed Analysis for Vancouver Island University(2020-07) Lamoureux, Zachary; Fast, VictoriaThis project provided the Vancouver Island University (VIU) Nanaimo campus with a detailed accessible mobility (AM) map and rollshed and routing analysis. The VIU campus consists of numerous steep pedestrian pathways that complicate the navigation of mobility-limited individuals. The goal was to mitigate physical barriers in the built environment by providing campus pedestrians with wayfinding and navigational information while simultaneously supporting the future AM work by VIU administration and facilities. Additionally, it was desired that the AM mapping methodology of this project be reproduceable for other institutions. First, a data typology was developed, and data was collected for several aids and barriers to AM. The data was refined into a campus map by categorizing pathway slope into accessible, steep and very sleep classes, and adding additional AM and ancillary information. The data was again refined to produce the rollsheds and AM routes. An average travel speed, path costs and path barriers were identified and used in a service area analysis to determine the distance a manual and powered wheelchair user could travel in a set amount of time. The map was released in September of 2019 and has reduced the amount of AM wayfinding and navigation questions received by Disability Access Services. The general methodology of the map is reproduceable, however it requires that an analyst make decisions that will ensure it depicts the most crucial barriers and aids to mobility found in the built environment. The rollsheds and routes highlighted AM weaknesses in the pedestrian network and is important information for the VIU administration and facilities to consider when discussing future plans for the campus.Item Open Access The Never Ending War in the Wounded Land: The New People’s Army on Samar(Canadian Center of Science and Education, 2013-11-12) Holden, William N.Item Open Access Partitioning Forest-Floor Respiration into Source Based Emissions in a Boreal Forested Bog: Responses to Experimental Drought(MDPI, 2017-03-10) Munir, Tariq; Khadka, Bhupesh; Xu, Bin; Strack, MariaNorthern peatlands store globally significant amounts of soil carbon that could be released to the atmosphere under drier conditions induced by climate change. We measured forest floor respiration (RFF) at hummocks and hollows in a treed boreal bog in Alberta, Canada and partitioned the flux into aboveground forest floor autotrophic, belowground forest floor autotrophic, belowground tree respiration, and heterotrophic respiration using a series of clipping and trenching experiments. These fluxes were compared to those measured at sites within the same bog where water‐table (WT) was drawn down for 2 and 12 years. Experimental WT drawdown significantly increased RFF with greater increases at hummocks than hollows. Greater RFF was largely driven by increased autotrophic respiration driven by increased growth of trees and shrubs in response to drier conditions; heterotrophic respiration accounted for a declining proportion of RFF with time since drainage. Heterotrophic respiration was increased at hollows, suggesting that soil carbon may be lost from these sites in response to climate change induced drying. Overall, although WT drawdown increased RFF, the substantial contribution of autotrophic respiration to RFF suggests that peat carbon stocks are unlikely to be rapidly destabilized by drying conditionsItem Open Access Remote Sensing: Geology and Planetary applications(2017-04-10) Hall-Beyer, MrykaThis is an overview of remote sensing as it applies to geological applications. It is intended for those with some basic background in remote sensing image processing and analysis, and preferably introductory mineralogy or petrology. Topics covered at : miner and rock spectra and why they are as they are; spatial data of use to geology; planetary remote sensing.The presentation is in audio format, however clicking on "notes" in the pdf screen will bring up an approximate transcription of the lecture for quick referral or for use by those unable to use the audio. The total run time is slightly under 1 hr 20 minutes; I do not recommend viewing in one sitting1Item Open Access Reported UAV incidents in Canada: analysis and potential solutions(NRC Research Press, 2017-06-01) Nesbit, Paul R.; Barchyn, Thomas E.; Hugenholtz, Chris H.; Cripps, Sterling; Kucharczyk, MajaUAV incidents were analyzed using data from Transport Canada's Civil Aviation Daily Occurrence Reporting System (CADORS). Between 05 November 2005 and 31 December 2016 a total of 355 incidents were reported in Canadian airspace. The largest number involved UAV sightings (66.5%) and close encounters with piloted aircraft (22.3%). These incidents increased markedly after 2013, with the highest number in British Columbia, followed by Ontario, Quebec, Alberta, and Manitoba. The vast majority of UAV incident reports were filed by pilots of piloted aircraft. Typically, airspace at altitudes greater than 400 feet above ground level (AGL) is off limits to UAVs; however, of the 270 incidents in the CADORS database with UAV altitude reported, 80.4% were above 400 feet AGL and 62.6% were above 1000 feet AGL. Of the 268 incidents with reported horizontal distance to the nearest aerodrome, 74.6% occurred or likely occurred within 5 nautical miles (nm), and of those 92.4% and 76.6% were reported above 100 and 300 feet AGL, respectively. Collectively, the CADORS data indicate that the overwhelming majority of UAV incidents reported in Canada were airspace violations. These results can guide future risk mitigation measures, hardware/software solutions, and educational campaigns to increase airspace safety.Item Open Access The Samar Counterinsurgency Campaign of 1899-1902: Lessons Worth Learning?(Canadian Center of Science and Education, 2013-11-06) Holden, William N.Item Open Access Schools, Air Pollution, and Active Transportation: An Exploratory Spatial Analysis of Calgary, Canada(International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2017-07-25) Bertazzon, Stefania; Shahid, RizwanAn exploratory spatial analysis investigates the location of schools in Calgary (Canada) in relation to air pollution and active transportation options. Air pollution exhibits marked spatial variation throughout the city, along with distinct spatial patterns in summer and winter; however, all school locations lie within low to moderate pollution levels. Conversely, the study shows that almost half of the schools lie in low walkability locations; likewise, transitability is low for 60% of schools, and only bikability is widespread, with 93% of schools in very bikable locations. School locations are subsequently categorized by pollution exposure and active transportation options. This analysis identifies and maps schools according to two levels of concern: schools in car-dependent locations and relatively high pollution; and schools in locations conducive of active transportation, yet exposed to relatively high pollution. The findings can be mapped and effectively communicated to the public, health practitioners, and school boards. The study contributes with an explicitly spatial approach to the intra-urban public health literature. Developed for a moderately polluted city, the methods can be extended to more severely polluted environments, to assist in developing spatial public health policies to improve respiratory outcomes, neurodevelopment, and metabolic and attention disorders in school-aged children.