Veterinary Medicine

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The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine is becoming a leader among research-intensive North American veterinary colleges for the quality of our research programs and their engagement of undergraduate and graduate students. We continue to support a broad base of research excellence across disciplines with areas of strength in cattle health, infectious disease, pain and animal welfare, equine health, wildlife heath, reproduction and regenerative medicine, and veterinary education. Our programs align with the University of Calgary's Eyes High strategy to become a top 5 research-intensive university that graduates global leaders infused with research.

Faculty of Veterinary Medicine

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Now showing 1 - 20 of 67
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    Activin Is a Local Regulator of Human Cytotrophoblast Cell Differentiation
    (The Endocrine Society, 1997-09) Caniggia, Isabella; Lye, Stephen J.; Cross, James C.
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    Amendment: Exploring Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli: A Scoping Review Protocol Comparing Antibiotic-free and Conventionally Raised Beef Cattle in Canada and the United States of America
    (Veterinary Medicine, Libraries and Cultural Resources, 2024-03-14) Sanguinetti, Veronica Maria; Davies, Willow-Bethany; Ganshorn, Heather; Checkley, Sylvia Lee
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    The anatomy of the dermatocranium and mandible of Cacops aspidephorus Williston, 1910 (Temnospondyli: Dissorophidae), from the Lower Permian of Texas
    (Taylor and Francis, 2020-01) Anderson, Jason S.; Scott, Diane; Reisz, Robert R.
    For the first time, the cranial suture pattern for the type species of Cacops, C. aspidephorus, is described in detail. A majority of sutures, including the lower jaw, the skull roof, and the palate, are now known in detail, although details are still lacking for the posterior skull table. Notable new information about C. aspidephorus includes the presence of a lateral exposure of the palatine (LEP), a lateral exposure of the ectopterygoid (LEE) that fuses with the jugal with growth, and a subtympanic flange composed mostly of the supratemporal. Cacops aspidephorus is very similar to C. morrisi, but differences, including a fully closed otic notch in C. aspidephorus, are sufficient to maintain both as distinct species. Uniquely, C. aspidephorus shows palatal dentition of the same size as the marginal dentition, but it remains to be seen whether this is a widespread feature or ontogenetically transient. These new data will finally permit the inclusion of this iconic taxon, described over 100 years ago, into larger-scale phylogenies of dissorophoid and temnospondyl relationships.
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    Brainstem auditory evoked responses and ophthalmic findings in llamas and alpacas in eastern Canada
    (Canadian Veterinary Medical Association, 2006) Webb, Aubrey; Cullen, Cheryl L.; Lamont, Leigh A.
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    Carbon dioxide, but not isoflurane, elicits ultrasonic vocalisations in female rats
    (Sage Journals, 2013-10) Chisholm, J.; De Rantere, D.; Fernandez, N. J.; Krajacic, A.; Pang, Daniel S. J.
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    Cell wall proteome analysis of Mycobacterium smegmatis strain MC2 155
    (BioMed Central, 2010-04-22) He, Zhiguo; De Buck, Jeroen
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    Compensatory Locomotor Adjustments of Rats with Cervical or Thoracic Spinal Cord Hemisections
    (Mary Ann Liebert, 2002) Webb, Aubrey; Muir, Gillian D.
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    Consistency in Applying the Loss of Righting Reflex to Assess Unconsciousness during Induction of General Anesthesia in Rats and Mice: A Systematic Review Protocol
    (2022-06-29) Merenick, Dexter; Jessel, Anisha; Ganshorn, Heather; Pang, Daniel
    This systematic review protocol will evaluate the following question: How is the loss of righting reflex performed across studies to assess unconsciousness during induction of general anesthesia in rats and mice? The overall aim of this paper is to critically assess and evaluate the current published knowledge surrounding the LORR methodology and how it is performed.
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    Course of motor recovery following ventrolateral spinal cord injury in the rat
    (Elsevier, 2004-11) Webb, Aubrey A; Muir, Gillian D
    The purpose of this study was to determine the importance of the pathways running in the ventrolateral spinal funiculus for overground locomotion in adult, freely behaving rats. Left-sided ventrolateral cervical spinal cord injury was performed in adult female Long–Evans rats. The behavioural abilities of these animals were analyzed at 2 days, and weekly for up to 5.5 weeks following spinal cord injury. Behavioural testing consisted of Von Frey filament testing, ladder walking, a paw usage task, and the assessment of ground reaction forces during unrestrained trotting. Animals with injury to the left ventrolateral cervical spinal cord did not develop enhanced sensitivity to pedal mechanical stimulation. At 2 days following injury, animals had impaired skilled locomotion as indicated by increased number of footslips during ladder walking. At 2 days, these animals also used both limbs together more often for support while rearing, while using the forelimb ipsilateral to the injury less than did uninjured animals. Ground reaction force determination revealed that animals tend to bear less weight on the forelimb and hindlimb ipsilateral to the spinal cord injury 2 days after injury. All animals recovered normal or near normal sensorimotor abilities although subtle asymmetries in ground reaction forces were detectable at 5.5 weeks following spinal cord injury. These results suggest that axons in the ventrolateral spinal funiculi contribute to limb movements during exploration and locomotion but their roles can be served by other pathways after ventrolateral spinal injury.
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    Defining parasite biodiversity at high latitudes of North America: new host and geographic records for Onchocerca cervipedis (Nematoda: Onchocercidae) in moose and caribou
    (BioMed Central, 2012-10-30) Verocai, Guilherme G.; Lejeune, Manigandan; Beckmen, Kimberlee B; Kashivakura, Cyntia K; Veitch, Alasdair M; Popko, Richard A; Fuentealba, Carmen; Hoberg, Eric P; Kutz, Susan J
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    Defining parasite biodiversity at high latitudes of North America: new host and geographic records for Onchocerca cervipedis (Nematoda: Onchocercidae) in moose and caribou
    (BioMed Central, 2012-10-30) Kutz, Susan J.; Verocai, Guilherme G.; Lejeune, Manigandan; Beckmen, Kimberlee B.; Kashivakura, Cyntia K.; Veitch, Alasdair M.; Popko, Richard A.; Fuentealba, Carmen; Hoberg, Eric P.
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    Dorsolateral cervical spinal injury differentially affects forelimb and hindlimb action in rats
    (Blackwell, 2007-03) Muir, Gillian D; Webb, Aubrey A; Kanagal, Srikanth; Taylor, Laura
    In experimental spinal injury studies, damage to the dorsal half of the spinal cord is common but the behavioural effects of damage to specific pathways in the dorsal cord have been less well investigated. We performed bilateral transection of the dorsolateral spinal funiculus (DLF) on 12 Long–Evans rats at the third cervical spinal segment. We quantified overground locomotion by measuring ground reaction forces, step timing and step distances as animals moved unrestrained. We also assessed skilled locomotion by measuring footslip errors made while the animals crossed horizontal ladders, and examined paw usage in a cylinder exploration task and during a skilled reaching task. Ground reaction forces revealed that rats with bilateral DLF lesions moved with a symmetrical gait, characterized mainly by altered forces exerted by the hindlimbs, delayed onset of hindlimb stance, and understepping of the hindlimbs relative to the forelimbs. These alterations in overground locomotion were subtle but were nevertheless consistent between animals and persisted throughout the 6-week recovery period. During ladder crossing, rats with DLF lesions made more footslip errors with the hindlimbs after surgery than before. Spontaneous forelimb usage during exploration was not affected by DLF axotomy but lesioned animals were less successful during skilled reaching. This is the first study which describes preferentially altered hindlimb use during overground locomotion after cervical DLF transections. We discuss these findings in relation to previous work and to the possible contributions of different ascending and descending pathways in the DLF to locomotion and skilled movements in rats.
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    Effects of Prednisone on Blood Lactate Concentrations in Healthy Dogs
    (Wiley-Blackwell, 2009-07) Boysen, S. R.; Bozzetti, M.; Rose, L.; Dunn, M.; Pang, Daniel S. J.
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    The effects of two dosages of midazolam on short-duration anesthesia in the juvenile Harp seal (Phoca groenlandica)
    (American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, 2006) Pang, Daniel S. J.; Rondenay, Yves; Measures, Lena; Lair, Stéphane
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    Estrogen reduces the severity of autonomic dysfunction in spinal cord-injured male mice
    (Elsevier, 2006-08) Webb, Aubrey A; Chan, Catherine B; Brown, Arthur; Saleh, Tarek M
    Autonomic dysreflexia is an autonomic behavioural condition that manifests after spinal cord injury (SCI) and is characterized by acute, episodic hypertension following afferent stimulation below the level of the injury. Common triggers of autonomic dysreflexia include colorectal distension (CRD), and various somatic stimuli. The development of autonomic dysreflexia is dependent, in part, upon the degree of intraspinal inflammation and the resultant spinal neuroplastic changes that occur following SCI. 17β-estradiol (E) has neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory and smooth muscle relaxant properties, and is therefore a candidate drug for the treatment and/or prevention of autonomic dysreflexia. Autonomic dysreflexia was assessed in adult male mice treated with E. We investigated whether E could be acting centrally by altering: (1) the size of the small diameter primary afferent arbor, (2) the degree of microglia/macrophage infiltration at the site of the injury, or (3) the amount of fibrous scarring present at the injury site. To determine whether E could be working through uncoupling protein-2 (UCP-2), a protein involved with inflammation and regulated by estrogen in some tissues, autonomic dysreflexia was assessed in E-treated adult male mice lacking UCP-2 (UCP-2 KO). 17β-estradiol was equipotent at reducing autonomic dysreflexia in both UCP-2 KO and WT mice following CRD but not tail pinch. We have shown that E reduces autonomic dysreflexic responses to visceral but not somatic stimulation in male mice independent of the size of the primary afferent arbour, the degree of chronic inflammation, and the presence of UCP-2.
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    Evaluation of suitable reference genes for gene expression studies in bronchoalveolar lavage cells from horses with inflammatory airway disease
    (BioMed Central, 2011-01-28) Beekman, Laura; Tohver, Triin; Dardari, Rkia; Leguillette, Renaud
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    Exploring Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli: A Scoping Review Protocol Comparing Antibiotic-free and Conventionally Raised Beef Cattle in North America
    (2023-07-10) Sanguinetti, Verónica María; Davies, Willow-Bethany O.; Ganshorn, Heather; Checkley, Sylvia L.
    Escherichia coli is a gram-negative bacterium commonly found in the human and animal gastrointestinal tract. Beef cattle are considered reservoirs, although some strains can trigger diarrhea in newborn calves. Certain strains, such as Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STECs), pose health risks in humans and animals [2]. Antibiotic resistance in E. coli is a significant concern in human and veterinary medicine, as it can lead to treatment challenges and transmission to other bacteria [3]. Canada and the United States Drug-Resistant Index score lie among the lowest ten countries, and this can be associated with the wide use of narrow-spectrum penicillin [4]. Strains encode accessory resistance and are likely resistant to multiple antibiotic classes [5]. Evidence suggests that E. coli can be resistant to more than one antimicrobial drug, and the most common resistance phenotypes are older drugs such as tetracycline, sulfonamide, streptomycin, and ampicillin [6]. Antibiotic-free beef cattle certifications have been implemented to address antimicrobial resistance concerns in the food chain [7]. However, the evidence regarding the prevalence of resistant bacteria in antibiotic-free production systems is limited. Antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli represents a significant One Health issue, highlighting the urgent need to explore alternatives, such as limiting the use of antibiotics in beef cattle production to therapeutic treatments, to mitigate the spread of resistant strains and safeguard human and animal health [8]. Objectives The objective of this study is to lead a scoping review to define the range of existing research in the area, individualize research gaps and suggest areas important for future research studies about Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli of Antibiotic-free and Conventionally Raised Beef Cattle from North America. Methods This scoping review has been designed following the JBI Reviewer’s Manual [9] and the PRISMA ScR guidelines for scoping reviews [1] to report it and the search question was constructed using the PICO framework. We will search the literature for peer-reviewed articles using the following databases: CAB Abstracts, BIOSIS Previews, Environmental Complete, the Web of Science’s Science Citation Index and Emerging Sources Citation Index. The grey literature search will include a search of ProQuest Dissertations and the websites of relevant government departments, agencies, and industry groups. Two independent reviewers will screen the articles at the title, abstract, and full-text levels.
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    Exploring Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli: A Scoping Review Protocol Comparing Antibiotic-free and Conventionally Raised Beef Cattle in North America
    (Veterinary Medicine, Libraries and Cultural Resources, University of Calgary, 2023-06-20) Sanguinetti, Veronica Maria; Davies, Willow-Bethany O.; Ganshorn, Heather; Checkley, Sylvia L.
    Escherichia coli is a gram-negative bacterium commonly found in the human and animal gastrointestinal tract. Antibiotic resistance in E. coli is a significant concern in human and veterinary medicine, as it can lead to treatment challenges and transmission to other bacteria [3]. Antibiotic-free beef cattle certifications have been implemented to address antimicrobial resistance concerns in the food chain [7]. Objectives: To define the range of existing research in the area, individualize research gaps and suggest areas important for future research studies about Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli of Antibiotic-free and Conventionally Raised Beef Cattle from North America. Methods: This scoping review has been designed following the JBI Reviewer’s Manual and the PRISMA ScR guidelines for scoping reviews. The search question was constructed using the PICO framework. We will search the literature for peer-reviewed articles using the following databases: CAB Abstracts, BIOSIS Previews, Environmental Complete, the Web of Science’s Science Citation Index and Emerging Sources Citation Index. The grey literature search will include a search of ProQuest Dissertations and the websites of relevant government departments, agencies, and industry groups. Two independent reviewers will screen the articles at the title, abstract, and full-text levels.
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    Factors Associated with Antimicrobial Resistant Enterococci in North American Beef Cattle: A Scoping Review Protocol
    (2021-07-05) Strong, Kayla; Marasco, Kaitlin; Invik, Jesse; Ganshorn, Heather; Reid-Smith, Richard; Waldner, Cheryl; Otto, Simon; Chapman, Brennan; Checkley, Sylvia
    Introduction: Enterococcus spp. is a commensal gram-positive bacterium routinely found in humans and bovines' intestinal tracts; however, it can lead to infection when found outside the intestinal tract.1 There is increasing difficulty in treating Enterococcal infections due to a rise in resistance, particularly multidrug resistance.2 The rise of antimicrobial resistance is a One Health problem resulting from antimicrobial use in human health, animal health, and the environment.3 This research focuses on the connection between animal and human health, and considers the epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance within the North American beef cattle production system. The research will identify factors associated with antimicrobial resistance in Enterococcus spp. from cow-calf operations up to but not including human beef consumption. This project is a component of the broader iAM.AMR initiative. Objectives: The primary objective is to identify what factors increase or decrease the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in Enterococcus spp. within the North American Beef Cattle Industry, from cow-calf operations to the retail setting. The results will populate a component of an integrated assessment model as a component of the Integrated Assessment Model on Antimicrobial Resistance (iAM.AMR) project, built using Analytica software (Educational Professional license, Lumina) Methods: A double-blinded scoping review following PRISMA guidelines will examine five databases (MEDLINE, BIOSIS Previews, the Web of Science Science Citation Index and Emerging Sources Citation Index, Embase, and CAB Abstracts). The search will consider Enterococcus spp., Antimicrobials, Resistance, beef cattle, and search term variants. Articles identified will be screened at three primary stages: bibliography, title and abstract, and full text. The authors will exclude articles published before 1984 (Enterococcus spp. was designated a species in 1984), journals specific to a livestock species that is not beef cattle, and non-English articles. Articles that are solely In vitro, specific to fermented meat, opinion-based, or not applicable to the North American context will also be excluded. Articles will be included if there is an intervention identified and the AMR impact of the intervention measured. Article information will be charted in an excel spreadsheet. Following the charting process, authors will identify articles to be included in the iAM.AMR Collection of Epidemiologically Derived Associations with Resistance (CEDARS) database. These articles must have an extractable "factor" associated with AMR Enterococcus spp, presented as an odds ratio or prevalence comparison (in text or graph) specific to an "intervention" and "control." The study must use non-selective media and have the total (N) provided for the intervention and control. Relevant data will be collected and coded into an Access (V2103, Microsoft) database. Meta-analysis will occur if two articles examine the same factor and are comparable in the research design and study population.
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    Factors associated with the clinical diagnosis of foot and mouth disease during the 2001 epidemic in the UK
    (Elsevier, 2006-11) McLaws, Melissa; Ribble, Carl; Martin, Wayne; Stephen, Craig