Assessment of Blood-Derived Macrophages from Individuals with Crohn's Disease: Potential Role of Diet and Selenium

Sousa, James Amedeo

Assessment of Blood-Derived Macrophages from Individuals with Crohn's Disease: Potential Role of Diet and Selenium

dc.contributor.advisor	Raman, Maitreyi
dc.contributor.advisor	McKay, Derek
dc.contributor.author	Sousa, James Amedeo
dc.contributor.committeemember	Ferraz, Jose
dc.contributor.committeemember	Canton, Johnathan
dc.date	2024-05
dc.date.accessioned	2024-01-05T22:10:06Z
dc.date.available	2024-01-05T22:10:06Z
dc.date.issued	2024-01-04
dc.description.abstract	There is growing evidence of the role of diet in modulating immune function in inflammatory conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Specifically, there are alterations in macrophage populations and function found in patients with IBD such as reduced polarization to the M(IL-4) phenotype. Moreover, there are specific micronutrients such as selenium (Se) that patients with IBD are commonly deficient in and can also affect macrophage function and polarization. However, whether dietary intervention or Se intake can impact macrophage polarization and function in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) is unknown. Therefore, utilizing a selenium rich Mediterranean therapeutic diet intervention (TDI) in patients with active CD, I addressed the following hypotheses: 1) there are innate differences in macrophages derived from healthy donor and patients with CD that can be modified by diet intervention and 2) that macrophages derived from patients with active CD are more prone to H2O2-induced cytotoxicity through the ferroptosis pathway. This is the first study that I am aware of to show reduced selenoprotein expression in monocyte-derived macrophages from patients with CD. This suggests reduced antioxidant defence and is further supported by increased H2O2-induced cytotoxicity compared with healthy macrophages. The TDI was beneficial with improvement in biomarkers of disease activity and dietary habits. However, there was no significant effect on the Se status of the patients. There was, however, a relationship between the M(IL-4) CD206 mRNA response and change in CRP concentration after diet intervention. Despite being able to increase GPx1 expression, Se supplementation in vitro had no significant effect on macrophage polarization to the M(IL-4) phenotype. Lastly, markers of ferroptosis were increased in healthy and patient-derived macrophages treated with H2O2, indicating that H2O2-induced cell death through the ferroptosis pathway. The differences found in selenoprotein expression and reduced antioxidant defence between healthy volunteer and patient-derived macrophages highlights the role of oxidative stress in IBD. In terms of the TDI, there is evidence of its therapeutic effect and positive impact on macrophages. Lastly, the increased cytotoxicity in CD derived-macrophages further evokes the need to study the physiological impacts of macrophage ferroptosis in IBD pathophysiology.
dc.identifier.citation	Sousa, J. A. (2024). Assessment of blood-derived macrophages from individuals with Crohn's disease: potential role of diet and selenium (Master's thesis, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada). Retrieved from https://prism.ucalgary.ca.
dc.identifier.uri	https://hdl.handle.net/1880/117866
dc.identifier.uri	https://doi.org/10.11575/PRISM/42709
dc.language.iso	en
dc.publisher.faculty	Arts
dc.publisher.institution	University of Calgary
dc.rights	University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission.
dc.subject	Macrophage
dc.subject	Selenium
dc.subject	Diet
dc.subject	Ferroptosis
dc.subject	IBD
dc.subject	Crohn's Disease
dc.subject.classification	Biophysics--Medical
dc.subject.classification	Immunology
dc.title	Assessment of Blood-Derived Macrophages from Individuals with Crohn's Disease: Potential Role of Diet and Selenium
dc.type	master thesis
thesis.degree.discipline	Medicine – Gastrointestinal Sciences
thesis.degree.grantor	University of Calgary
thesis.degree.name	Master of Science (MSc)
ucalgary.thesis.accesssetbystudent	I do not require a thesis withhold – my thesis will have open access and can be viewed and downloaded publicly as soon as possible.