The Human Microbiome: Implications for Health and Disease

Missaghi, Bayan

The Human Microbiome: Implications for Health and Disease

dc.contributor.advisor	Barkema, Herman Wildrik
dc.contributor.author	Missaghi, Bayan
dc.contributor.committeemember	Kaplan, Gilaad G.
dc.contributor.committeemember	Ronksley, Paul Everett
dc.date	2018-11
dc.date.accessioned	2018-09-18T14:00:37Z
dc.date.available	2018-09-18T14:00:37Z
dc.date.issued	2018-09-10
dc.description.abstract	The human microbiome is the collective genome of native microbial flora that have evolved with us over millennia and which are typically consistent, despite geographic, ethnic and dietary differences around the globe. Studies have revealed that agitation to the normal development of the microbiome during the first year of life, such as with antimicrobial use, can lead to atrophy later on, resulting in the development of autoimmune diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Moreover, dysbioses, such as those seen with Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), have an accelerated deleterious effect on patients who have already developed inflammatory bowel disease, potentially resulting in life-threatening complications, including ileus, toxic megacolon, and death. We composed a review article which presents an outline of the loss of a normal microbiome as an etiology of immune dysregulation and IBD pathogenesis initiation. Moreover, we summarized the knowledge base with respect to the role of a healthy microbiome in terms of its diversity and important functional elements, and synopsized some of the therapeutic interventions and modalities that are being explored as potential applications of microbiome-host interactions. Additionally, we conducted a systematic review of the literature and a meta-analysis in order to clarify the risk of colectomy among the subset of IBD patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) subsequent to their development of CDI. We determined that UC patients with CDI are indeed at an increased risk of colectomy relative to their counterparts without CDI, but that future better quality prospective studies, ideally with a population-based approach and with long term follow-up of outcomes, would be helpful to better evaluate this potential relationship under different circumstances.	en_US
dc.identifier.citation	Missaghi, B. (2018). The Human Microbiome: Implications for Health and Disease (Master's thesis, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada). Retrieved from https://prism.ucalgary.ca. doi:10.11575/PRISM/32926	en_US
dc.identifier.doi	http://dx.doi.org/10.11575/PRISM/32926
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/1880/107750
dc.language.iso	eng
dc.publisher.faculty	Cumming School of Medicine
dc.publisher.faculty	Graduate Studies
dc.publisher.institution	University of Calgary	en
dc.publisher.place	Calgary	en
dc.rights	University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission.
dc.subject	Microbiome
dc.subject	Clostridium difficile
dc.subject	inflammatory bowel disease
dc.subject	ulcerative colitis
dc.subject	colectomy
dc.subject	Antimicrobials
dc.subject.classification	Education--Health	en_US
dc.subject.classification	Microbiology	en_US
dc.subject.classification	Epidemiology	en_US
dc.subject.classification	Immunology	en_US
dc.subject.classification	Medicine and Surgery	en_US
dc.subject.classification	Nutrition	en_US
dc.title	The Human Microbiome: Implications for Health and Disease
dc.type	master thesis
thesis.degree.discipline	Community Health Sciences
thesis.degree.grantor	University of Calgary
thesis.degree.name	Master of Science (MSc)
ucalgary.item.requestcopy	true