Post-Horse River Wildfire Surface Water Quality Monitoring Using the Water Cytotoxicity Test

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dc.contributor.authorKinniburgh, David
dc.contributor.authorHuang, Dorothy
dc.contributor.authorMoe, Birget
dc.contributor.authorDey, Indranil
dc.contributor.authorLuong, Jennie
dc.contributor.authorXie, Li
dc.contributor.authorTesfazgy, Milly
dc.contributor.authorDemofsky, Paige
dc.contributor.authorParmentier, Spencer
dc.contributor.authorGabos, Stephan
dc.contributor.authorZhang, Weiping
dc.contributor.authorReichert, Megan
dc.contributor.authorWang, Nina Ching Yi
dc.contributor.authorEllehoj, Erik
dc.contributor.authorHatfield Consultants
dc.date.accessioned2022-11-03T22:48:52Z
dc.date.available2022-11-03T22:48:52Z
dc.date.issued2022-11-03
dc.descriptionVersion 1.0 - External Review Draft. Supporting Dataset can be found at: Kinniburgh, David; Huang, Dorothy; Moe, Birget; Dey, Indranil; Luong, Jennie; Xie, Li; Tesfazgy, Milly; Demofsky, Paige; Parmentier, Spencer; Gabos, Stephan; Zhang, Weiping; Reichert, Megan; Wang, Nina Ching Yi; Ellehoj, Erik; Hatfield Consultants, 2023, "Dataset for: Post-Horse River Wildfire Surface Water Quality Monitoring Using the Water Cytotoxicity Test", https://doi.org/10.5683/SP3/ICGLUE, Borealis, V1.en_US
dc.description.abstractThe 2016 Horse River wildfire had a significant environmental impact on the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo (RMWB) in Northern Alberta, with a burn area exceeding 580,000 hectares. To understand the impact of this unprecedented event on water quality in the RMWB, water samples were collected from surface waters, drinking water treatment plants, wastewater treatment plants, and taps over the three-year period immediately proceeding the wildfire, beginning in May 2017. Samples were collected from sites directly impacted by the Horse River wildfire (Fort McMurray), as well as sites upstream (Athabasca) and downstream (Fort McKay, Fort Chipewyan) from the impacted area. Each water sample was tested using the cell-based water cytotoxicity assay, an in-house developed bioassay with quality control criteria and previous application to environmental testing. The underlying technology of the assay allows for non-invasive and continuous monitoring of human HepG2 cells, providing more human health relevant toxicity information than traditional assays with non-mammalian targets. Comparative toxicity values incorporating both concentration and temporal cellular response data were determined for each sample, allowing for the identification of trends across geographic location, source (surface, treatment plant, tap), and time. Complementary chemical analysis, including routine water chemistry and trace element analysis, was also performed to evaluate chemical components that may have influenced the measured cellular response and to observe trends in contaminant concentrations across time and sampling location. The surface water samples with the highest measured cytotoxicity were collected in 2017 from Fort McMurray, which was directly impacted by the Horse River wildfire. Sites located further downstream in Fort McKay and Fort Chipewyan were less cytotoxic, indicating dilution may have impacted the distribution of the wildfire contaminants. Trace chemical analysis revealed elevated concentrations of sixteen trace elements in these samples, which were highest in samples from the impacted area and lower in sites downstream. A second spike in toxicity was observed in many surface waters and drinking water source locations in 2019, which may reflect other wildfire events that occurred in the province that year. Among the wastewater treatment plants evaluated, all four facilities demonstrated effective treatment across their treatment streams, but the effluent from Fort McMurray, the only facility to utilize clarifiers, was the least cytotoxic. Exceedances of Canadian drinking water guideline values were evaluated in all sample types. Linear regression analysis found positive correlations between 1) concentrations of routine testing parameters and cytotoxicity in wastewater influent and 2) concentrations of trace elements and cytotoxicity in surface and source waters. Many samples containing trace amounts of targeted chemicals still presented with high cytotoxicity, indicating that untargeted substances or mixture effects impacted the cellular response and bioassay testing can complement traditional chemical analysis approaches for environmental monitoring. The water cytotoxicity assay provides numerous advantages, including limited sample preparation, small sample volume requirements (< 10 mL), and simple testing procedures. The testing method is also data rich, providing quantitative information that can be used to compare samples exhibiting low or high cytotoxicity. The results of this three-year investigation indicate that the water cytotoxicity assay has strong potential for application to routine environmental monitoring (to complement chemical-based monitoring programs), and to identify high toxicity samples that require further assessment/remediation as part of the investigation of emergency situations (e.g. an industrial spill).en_US
dc.description.grantingagencyOtheren_US
dc.identifier.citationKinniburgh, D., Huang, D., Moe, B., Dey, I., Luong, J., Xie, L., Tesfazgy, M., Demofsky, P., Parmentier, S., Gabos, S., Zhang, W., Reichert, M., Wang, N. C. Y., Ellehoj, E., & Hatfield Consultants (2021). Post-Horse River Wildfire Surface Water Quality Monitoring Using the Water Cytotoxicity Test. Alberta Centre for Toxicologyen_US
dc.identifier.doihttp://dx.doi.org/10.11575/PRISM/40391
dc.identifier.grantnumberAlberta Health - 10016475en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1880/115412
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisher.departmentPhysiology & Pharmacologyen_US
dc.publisher.facultyCumming School of Medicineen_US
dc.publisher.institutionUniversity of Calgary, Alberta Centre for Toxicologyen_US
dc.relation.urihttps://doi.org/10.5683/SP3/ICGLUE
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0en_US
dc.subjectHorse Riveren_US
dc.subjectAlbertaen_US
dc.subjectWildfireen_US
dc.subjectEnvironmental monitoringen_US
dc.subjectWater qualityen_US
dc.subjectSurface wateren_US
dc.subjectDrinking wateren_US
dc.subjectWastewateren_US
dc.subjectCytotoxicityen_US
dc.subjectReal-time cell analysisen_US
dc.subjectRoutine water chemistryen_US
dc.subjectTrace element analysisen_US
dc.titlePost-Horse River Wildfire Surface Water Quality Monitoring Using the Water Cytotoxicity Testen_US
dc.typereporten_US
dc.typetechnical reporten_US
ucalgary.item.requestcopytrueen_US
ucalgary.scholar.levelOtheren_US
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