Antimicrobial Stewardship: A One Health approach with a focus on antimicrobial reduction in dairy cattle

McCubbin, Kayley Dawn

Antimicrobial Stewardship: A One Health approach with a focus on antimicrobial reduction in dairy cattle

dc.contributor.advisor	Barkema, Herman W.
dc.contributor.author	McCubbin, Kayley Dawn
dc.contributor.committeemember	Orsel, Karin
dc.contributor.committeemember	Sanchez, Javier
dc.contributor.committeemember	Kelton, David Francis
dc.contributor.committeemember	Kastelic, John Patrick
dc.date	2023-06
dc.date.accessioned	2023-05-09T17:20:31Z
dc.date.available	2023-05-09T17:20:31Z
dc.date.issued	2023-05-01
dc.description.abstract	Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is considered one of the greatest threats facing humanity. Without intervention, AMR impacts are expected to be substantial, compromising human, animal, environmental health. The complex interplay of contributing factors highlights the need for a One Health approach in AMR mitigation. Improving antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) is an integral component of AMR mitigation success. Therefore, thesis objectives included: 1) describe the current state of AMR knowledge in Canada available in the literature, and identify the gaps in our understanding; 2) identify perspectives of AMS, including perceived drivers and barriers across the One Health spectrum of relevant Canadian professionals; 3) focus on the dairy industry as an example where AMS efforts are possible through selective dry cow therapy (SDCT); and 4) describe current SDCT uptake and related practices in the Canadian dairy industry. Current limitations in the understanding of AMR in Canada are described through a comprehensive review focussed on: 1) treatment optimization; 2) surveillance of antimicrobial use (AMU) and AMR; and 3) prevention of transmission of AMR. Whereas identified barriers to AMS described by Canadian professionals included: 1) lack of various prescribing and AMU support mechanisms; 2) shift in prescriber attitudes to drive change; and 3) stronger economic considerations to support shifting prescribing practices. Only treating cows who could benefit from antimicrobials at drying off (i.e., SDCT), represents an opportunity to reduce AMU in the dairy industry. A narrative review was conducted summarizing available literature regarding impacts of SDCT on udder health, milk production, economics, AMU motivations, and AMR. An observational study was conducted utilizing 2 in-person questionnaires between July 2019 and September 2021 on 144 dairy farms in 5 Canadian provinces. Overall, 31% reported adopting SDCT, with approximately 50% less intramammary AMU at drying off compared to treating all cows. A slight majority of farms (56%) applied teat sealants (TS) to all cows at drying off, whereas 12% used TS selectively, and 32% did not use TS. Results highlighted the variability in antimicrobial and TS use protocols at drying off on Canadian dairy farms, and the potential for further AMU reduction with increased SDCT adoption.
dc.identifier.citation	McCubbin, K. D. (2023). Antimicrobial stewardship: a One Health approach with a focus on antimicrobial reduction in dairy cattle (Doctoral thesis, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada). Retrieved from https://prism.ucalgary.ca.
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/1880/116198
dc.identifier.uri	https://dx.doi.org/10.11575/PRISM/dspace/41043
dc.language.iso	en
dc.publisher.faculty	Graduate Studies
dc.publisher.institution	University of Calgary
dc.rights	University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission.
dc.subject	Antimicrobial Resistance
dc.subject	Antimicrobial Stewardship
dc.subject	One Health
dc.subject	Dairy Industry
dc.subject.classification	Veterinary Science
dc.subject.classification	Public Health
dc.title	Antimicrobial Stewardship: A One Health approach with a focus on antimicrobial reduction in dairy cattle
dc.type	doctoral thesis
thesis.degree.discipline	Veterinary Medical Sciences
thesis.degree.grantor	University of Calgary
thesis.degree.name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
ucalgary.thesis.accesssetbystudent	I do not require a thesis withhold – my thesis will have open access and can be viewed and downloaded publicly as soon as possible.