Browsing by Author "Scott, Stacey D."
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Item Metadata only Collaborative sensemaking on a digital tabletop and personal tablets: prioritization, comparisons, and tableaux(ACM, 2013) Wallace, James R.; Scott, Stacey D.; MacGregor, Carolyn G.We describe an investigation of the support that three different display configurations provided for a collaborative sensemaking task: a digital table; personal tablets; and both the tabletop and personal tablets. Mixed-methods analyses revealed that the presence of a digital tabletop display led to improved sensemaking performance, and identified activities that were supported by the shared workspace. The digital tabletop supported a group's ability to prioritize information, to make comparisons between task data, and to form and critique the group's working hypothesis. Analyses of group performance revealed a positive correlation with equity of member participation using the shared digital table, and a negative correlation of equity of member participation using personal tablets. Implications for the support of sensemaking groups, and the use of equity of member participation as a predictive measure of their performance are discussed.Item Metadata only Comparing visual feedback techniques for object transfer between private and shared surfaces(ACM, 2013) Tournet, Julie; Besacier, Guillaume; Goyal, Nippun; McClelland, Phillip J.; Scott, Stacey D.The increasing trend toward multi-device ecologies that provide private and shared digital surfaces introduces a need for effective cross-device object transfer interaction mechanisms. This work-in-progress paper investigates visual feedback techniques for enhancing the usability of the Pick-and-Drop cross-device object transfer technique when used between a shared digital table and private tablets. We propose two visual feedback designs aimed to improve awareness of virtual objects during a Pick-and-Drop transfer. Initial results from a comparative user study are presented and discussed, along with directions for future work.Item Metadata only Exploring automation in digital tabletop board game(ACM, 2012) Wallace, James R.; Pape, Joseph; Chang, Yu-Ling Betty; McClelland, Phillip J.; Graham, T.C. Nicholas; Scott, Stacey D.; Hancock, MarkDigital tabletops present the opportunity to combine the social advantages of traditional tabletop games with the automation and streamlined gameplay of video games. However, it is unclear whether the addition of automation enhances or detracts from the game experience. A study was performed where groups played three versions of the cooperative board game Pandemic, with varying degrees of automation. The study revealed that while game automation can provide advantages to players, it can also negatively impact enjoyment, game state awareness, and flexibility in game play.Item Metadata only Improving Awareness of Automated Actions Using an Interactive Event Timeline(ACM, 2013) Chang, Y.-L. Betty; Mengual, Mylene; Parfett, Brian; Graham, T.C. Nicholas; Hancock, Mark; Scott, Stacey D.Digital tabletops provide an opportunity for automating complex tasks in collaborative domains involving planning and decision-making, such as strategic simulation in command and control. However, when automation leads to modification of the system's state, users may fail to understand how or why the state has changed, resulting in lower situation awareness and incorrect or suboptimal decisions. We present the design of an interactive event timeline that aims to improve situation awareness in tabletop systems that use automation. Our timeline enables exploration and analysis of automated system actions in a collaborative environment. We discuss two factors in the design of the timeline: the ownership of the timeline in multi-user situations and the location of the detailed visual feedback resulting from interaction with the timeline. We use a collaborative digital tabletop board game to illustrate this design concept.Item Metadata only InfoFlow Framework for Evaluating New Healthcare Technologies(Taylor & Francis, 2010) Tang, Charlotte; Scott, Stacey D.; Carpendale, SheelaghThis article presents a framework of 6 distinct yet interrelated factors for describing information flow that arose from a combination of field studies in a hospital ward and a review of literature. These studies investigated the dynamics of nurses' information flow, focusing on shift change. The InfoFlow Framework's 6 interrelated factors that affect the information flow are information, personnel, artifacts, spatiality, temporality, and communication mode. The framework is presented as a tool for evaluating new health care technologies. The 6 factors and their interrelationships are described first. Next, this structure is applied as a tool to aid in the analysis of the data generated in a study that assesses technology in use. Then the use of the framework is illustrated by structuring it as a set of questions that can be used as a guide for other researchers to generate coherent descriptions of the information flow and to evaluate technology deployments. Finally, there is a discussion of areas where the InfoFlow framework may be applied to allow an evaluation of the extent to which the framework may be generalized to other settings.Item Metadata only Interactive Surface Technology for a Mobile Command Centre(ACM, 2011) Cheung, Victor; Cheaib, Nader; Scott, Stacey D.In this paper, Contextual Inquiry is used to analyze the work inside a mobile command centre of a volunteer group, which provides specialized services and equipment to support events ranging from community-sponsored events to emergency incidents. The suitability and feasibility of utilizing interactive surface technology to support collaboration and coordination, using the mobile command centre as a hub for multiple agencies, are examined. Findings and lessons learned from this work can also inform the design of such technology for more general event organization and emergency response settings.Item Open Access Interface Currents: Supporting Co-Located Collaborative Work on Tabletop Displays(2005-03-08) Hinrichs, Uta; Carpendale, Sheelagh; Scott, Stacey D.Large screen vertical and horizontal displays provide new opportunities to support individual and collaborative activities especially in terms of creativity and design tasks. The size of these displays introduces several unique opportunities such as co-located collaboration but at the same time issues for interface designers such as: potential difficulties of reaching workspace items far away from one s current position at the display, and the tendency of people to walk around when using a wall display or sit in various positions around a tabletop display. Thus, in contrast to traditional interfaces, large display interfaces need to support access to workspace items from a variety of positions at the display. In order to improve access to workspace items, providing better support for obtaining and sharing items and for mobility at the display which can be very important to improve creative processes, we propose a novel interaction metaphor, the so-called Interface Current, that allows interface components to play a more active role in the workspace activity.Item Metadata only Investigating attraction and engagement of animation on large interactive walls in public settings(ACM, 2013) Cheung, Victor; Scott, Stacey D.Large interactive walls capable of delivering dynamic content to broad audiences are becoming increasingly common in public areas for information dissemination, advertising, and entertainment purposes. A major design challenge for these systems is to entice and engage passersby to interact with the system, and in a manner intended by the designers. To address this issue, we are examining the use of different types of animation at various stages of the interaction as someone approaches and begins interacting with the system. Using usage measures from museum studies, namely, attraction and engagement of an exhibit, we plan to assess the effectiveness of different types of animation in the context of an interactive notice board application in a university campus. We describe our design approach and plans for studying the animation design in a real-world public setting.Item Open Access Investigating Tabletop Territoriality in Digital Tabletop Workspaces(2006-06-05) Scott, Stacey D.; Carpendale, SheelaghWithin the digital tabletop research community there is a growing understanding of the fundamental interaction behaviors that digital tabletop workspaces should enable in order to facilitate effective collaboration. Some of these understandings have theoretical basis such as tabletop territoriality, which is grounded in the theoretical understandings of human territoriality. From this developing theoretical understanding, design guidelines have emerged and prototype systems have been created. The next step in this research progression is to use these theories as the basis from which to analyze interaction data from digital tabletop use to understand if the existing tabletop interfaces and interaction techniques support these fundamental interaction behaviors. This paper describes one such analysis, in which the data from an observational study of a tabletop interface component, called storage bins, is examined to determine how well it supports tabletop territoriality, as well as another known beneficial interaction behavior, casual piling of workspace content.Item Metadata only Investigating teamwork and taskwork in single- and multi-display groupware systems(Springer, 2009) Wallace, James R.; Scott, Stacey D.; Stutz, Taryn; Enns, Tricia; Inkpen, KoriMulti-display groupware (MDG) systems, which typically comprise both public and personal displays, promise to enhance collaboration, yet little is understood about how they differ in use from single-display groupware (SDG) systems. While research has established the technical feasibility of MDG systems, evaluations have not addressed the question of how users’ behave in such environments, how their interface design can impact group behavior, or what advantages they offer for collaboration. This paper presents a user study that investigates the impact of display configuration and software interface design on taskwork and teamwork. Groups of three completed a collaborative optimization task in single- and multi-display environments, under different task interface constraints. Our results suggest that MDG configurations offer advantages for performing individual task duties, whereas SDG conditions offer advantages for coordinating access to shared resources. The results also reveal the importance of ergonomic design considerations when designing co-located groupware systems.Item Metadata only Investigating the Role of a Large, Shared Display in Multi-Display Environments(Springer, 2011) Wallace, James R.; Scott, Stacey D.; Lai, Eugene; Jajalla, DeonWe conducted an empirical study to investigate the use of personal and shared displays during group work. The collaborative environments under study consisted of personal workspaces, in the form of laptops, and a shared virtual workspace displayed on a nearby wall. Our study compared the use of the large shared display under two different interface content conditions; a status display that provided an overview of the group’s current task performance, and a replicated view of the shared workspace that allowed task work to occur on the shared display. The study results suggest that while participants used their personal displays primarily to perform the task, the shared display facilitated several key teamwork mechanisms. In particular, the provided status display best facilitated monitoring of group progress, whereas the replicated content display best facilitated conversational grounding. Regardless of the shared display content, having a shared, physical reference point also appeared to support synchronization of the group activity via body language and gaze.Item Open Access Mobile Spatial Tools for Fluid Interaction(2007-07-24) Isenberg, Tobias; Nix, Simon; Schwarz, Martin; Miede, Andre; Scott, Stacey D.; Carpendale, SheelaghFluid interaction techniques are increasingly important for effective work on interactive displays such as tabletops. We introduce mobile spatial tools to support such fluid interaction by affecting the properties of objects in the interface spatially rather than temporally. Our tools allow us to control multiple objects simultaneously using high-level, taskdriven actions without the need for setting low-level properties of objects. We demonstrate a number of specific tools and their application in fluid interaction scenarios.Item Metadata only The NiCE Discussion Room: Integrating Paper and Digital Media to Support Co-Located Group Meetings(ACM, 2010) Haller, Michael; Leitner, Jakob; Seifried, Thomas; Wallace, James R.; Scott, Stacey D.; Richter, Christoph; Brandl, Peter; Gokcezade, Adam; Hunter, SethCurrent technological solutions that enable content creation and sharing during group discussion meetings are often cumbersome to use, and are commonly abandoned for traditional paper-based tools, which provide flexibility in supporting a wide range of working styles and task activities that may occur in a given meeting. Paper-based tools, however, have their own drawbacks; paper-based content is difficult to modify or replicate. We introduce a novel digital meeting room design, the NiCE Discussion Room, which integrates digital and paper tools into a cohesive system with an intuitive pen-based interface. The combination of digital and paper media provides groups with a flexible design solution that enables them to create, access, and share information and media from a variety of sources to facilitate group discussions. This paper describes the design solution, along with results from a user study conducted to evaluate the usability and utility of the system.Item Metadata only Perceptual grouping: selection assistance for digital sketching(ACM, 2013) Lindlbauer, David; Haller, Michael; Hancock, Mark; Scott, Stacey D.; Stuerzlinger, WolfgangModifying a digital sketch may require multiple selections before a particular editing tool can be applied. Especially on large interactive surfaces, such interactions can be fatiguing. Accordingly, we propose a method, called Suggero, to facilitate the selection process of digital ink. Suggero identifies groups of perceptually related drawing objects. These "perceptual groups" are used to suggest possible extensions in response to a person's initial selection. Two studies were conducted. First, a background study investigated participant's expectations of such a selection assistance tool. Then, an empirical study compared the effectiveness of Suggero with an existing manual technique. The results revealed that Suggero required fewer pen interactions and less pen movement, suggesting that Suggero minimizes fatigue during digital sketching.Item Metadata only Surface Ghosts: Promoting Awareness of Transferred Objects during Pick-and-Drop Transfer in Multi-Surface Environments(ACM, 2014) Scott, Stacey D.; Besacier, Guillaume; Tournet, Julie; Goyal, Nippun; Haller, MichaelRekimoto's Pick-and-Drop (P&D) transfer technique is commonly used to support multi-surface object transfer (e.g., between a shared tabletop and tablet) due to its easily understood metaphor of emulating object movement in the physical world. Current multi-surface implementations of P&D provide little to no feedback during transfer, causing confusion for the person performing the action as well as others in the environment. To address this issue, we investigated the use of virtual embodiments to improve awareness of transferred objects, in the context of a real-world group task that relied heavily on cross-device transfer. An iterative design process led to the design of Surface Ghosts virtual embodiments, which take the form of semi-transparent 'ghosts' of the transferred objects displayed under the "owner's" hand on the tabletop during transfer. A user study that compared two Surface Ghosts designs-varied by how explicitly the "owner" was indicated-showed that both designs improved awareness of transferred objects when compared to a no-feedback control condition, especially for tabletop-to-tablet transfers.Item Open Access Territoriality in collaborative tabletop workspaces(2005) Scott, Stacey D.; Carpendale, Sheelagh; Inkpen, KoriItem Metadata only Theory of Tabletop Territoriality(Springer, 2010) Scott, Stacey D.; Carpendale, SheelaghThis chapter discusses empirical and theoretical investigations of the practice of tabletop territoriality in order to understand how to exploit such social interaction practices that people have developed over years of collaborating in traditional tabletop environments in the design of digital tabletops. These investigations reveal that collaborators at traditional tabletop workspaces use three types of tabletop territories to help coordinate their interactions within the shared tabletop workspace: personal, group, and storage territories. These tabletop territories facilitate collaborative interactions on a table by providing commonly understood social protocols that help people to share a tabletop workspace by clarifying which regions are available for individual or joint task work, to delegate task responsibilities, to coordinate access to task resources by providing lightweight mechanisms to reserve and share task resources, and to organize the task resources in the workspace.Item Metadata only Theory of Tabletop Territoriality(Springer, 2010) Scott, Stacey D.; Carpendale, SheelaghThis chapter discusses empirical and theoretical investigations of the practice of tabletop territoriality in order to understand how to exploit such social interaction practices that people have developed over years of collaborating in traditional tabletop environments in the design of digital tabletops. These investigations reveal that collaborators at traditional tabletop workspaces use three types of tabletop territories to help coordinate their interactions within the shared tabletop workspace: personal, group, and storage territories. These tabletop territories facilitate collaborative interactions on a table by providing commonly understood social protocols that help people to share a tabletop workspace by clarifying which regions are available for individual or joint task work, to delegate task responsibilities, to coordinate access to task resources by providing lightweight mechanisms to reserve and share task resources, and to organize the task resources in the workspace.